[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":4770},["ShallowReactive",2],{"wiki-page-/en-us/wiki/2024-03-30-linux-jiao-cheng/ch3-an-zhuang-bi-bei-pei-zhi":3,"wiki-doc-items-/en-us/wiki/2024-03-30-linux-jiao-cheng/ch3-an-zhuang-bi-bei-pei-zhi":4700,"language-switcher-data-/en-us/wiki/2024-03-30-linux-jiao-cheng/ch3-an-zhuang-bi-bei-pei-zhi":4754,"wiki-i18n-paths-/en-us/wiki/2024-03-30-linux-jiao-cheng/ch3-an-zhuang-bi-bei-pei-zhi":4769},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"canonicalPath":4681,"chapter":4682,"chapterSort":4683,"date":4684,"description":74,"docI18nKey":4685,"docKey":4686,"docRoot":4687,"docTitle":4688,"extension":4689,"i18nKey":4690,"isBlogPost":4691,"isWikiDoc":305,"isWikiIndex":4691,"layout":4692,"legacyPath":4692,"locale":4693,"localeSlug":4694,"meta":4695,"navigation":305,"path":4681,"seo":4696,"sourcePath":4697,"sourceStem":4690,"stem":4698,"wikiDepth":82,"__hash__":4699},"content/_i18n/en-us/wiki/2024-03-30-Linux教程/ch3-安装必备配置.md","Install required configuration",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":4671},"minimark",[9,14,26,29,35,41,47,53,59,65,68,98,101,107,110,115,126,131,134,174,181,186,191,194,199,202,207,214,219,221,234,237,242,245,249,317,320,325,327,332,336,341,343,355,358,363,367,373,379,427,431,447,450,454,457,460,466,471,474,481,486,521,526,530,648,651,656,660,663,703,706,715,737,742,749,841,846,849,884,889,893,902,953,960,964,967,981,988,1022,1027,1031,1055,1058,1063,1067,1070,1073,1076,1126,1130,1133,1136,1177,1181,1184,1189,1194,1198,1206,1209,1214,1219,1222,1245,1248,1253,1258,1263,1266,1271,1276,1279,1284,1291,1298,1350,1355,1446,1454,1459,1464,1468,1471,1476,1479,1484,1599,1602,1607,1625,1630,1637,1688,1692,1706,1710,1713,1716,1719,1725,1728,1733,1846,1849,1854,1858,1863,1869,1874,1895,1900,1905,1924,1929,2060,2120,2125,2144,2147,2152,2157,2183,2187,2190,2196,2203,2207,2211,2277,2281,2286,2300,2307,2360,2363,2406,2425,2428,2444,2453,2456,2470,2477,2639,2642,2656,2659,2674,2679,2739,2742,2747,2756,2761,2764,2777,2782,2789,2814,2817,2822,2825,2844,2849,2856,2869,2876,2880,2883,2890,2895,2932,2936,2941,2944,2949,3007,3011,3091,3095,3098,3102,3105,3111,3115,3118,3121,3128,3135,3138,3249,3252,3255,3258,3261,3266,3271,3279,3282,3287,3292,3298,3301,3306,3314,3317,3322,3327,3332,3335,3382,3385,3399,3406,3435,3438,3465,3470,3508,3511,3516,3519,3521,3526,3530,3537,3540,3547,3550,3556,3561,3566,3575,3642,3645,3742,3745,3777,3780,3783,3788,3792,3800,3802,3807,3811,3816,3818,3823,3828,3831,3836,3839,3931,3936,3939,3944,3947,3952,3959,3964,3967,3972,3977,3980,3991,3994,4007,4012,4015,4027,4031,4055,4058,4082,4087,4119,4121,4126,4133,4138,4144,4147,4152,4155,4160,4163,4166,4171,4174,4179,4183,4189,4194,4197,4336,4341,4376,4378,4383,4388,4409,4415,4455,4458,4493,4498,4512,4667],[10,11,13],"h3",{"id":12},"software-package-source-replacement-using-debian-based-distributions-as-an-example","  Software package source replacement (using Debian-based distributions as an example)",[15,16,17,18,25],"p",{},"Open the website below (note: this Ubuntu repository version is for X86, amd64 architecture. The ARM repository is not on this website (99.9% of people's computers are X86, and many industrial PCs are ARM, but there are also X86 industrial PCs. Please refer to the ",[19,20,24],"a",{"href":21,"rel":22},"https://sdutvincirobot.feishu.cn/docx/PRAodvrWvoXTrVxP1EDcMKM7nXb",[23],"nofollow","Vinci Robotics Team Microcontroller Tutorial"," to learn more, or search on Baidu yourself.)",[15,27,28],{},"Just pick one of the mirror sources below.",[15,30,31],{},[19,32,33],{"href":33,"rel":34},"https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/",[23],[15,36,37],{},[19,38,39],{"href":39,"rel":40},"https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/help/ubuntu.html",[23],[15,42,43],{},[19,44,45],{"href":45,"rel":46},"https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ubuntu",[23],[15,48,49],{},[19,50,51],{"href":51,"rel":52},"https://mirrors.sustech.edu.cn/help/ubuntu.html#introduction",[23],[15,54,55],{},[19,56,57],{"href":57,"rel":58},"https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/ubuntu.html",[23],[15,60,61],{},[19,62,63],{"href":63,"rel":64},"https://help.mirrors.cernet.edu.cn/ubuntu/",[23],[15,66,67],{},"It can measure speed and select the fastest source.",[69,70,75],"pre",{"className":71,"code":72,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","curl https://mirrors.cernet.edu.cn/oh-my-mirrorz.py | python3\n","bash","",[76,77,78],"code",{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,80,83,87,91,95],"span",{"class":81,"line":82},"line",1,[79,84,86],{"class":85},"sScJk","curl",[79,88,90],{"class":89},"sZZnC"," https://mirrors.cernet.edu.cn/oh-my-mirrorz.py",[79,92,94],{"class":93},"szBVR"," |",[79,96,97],{"class":85}," python3\n",[15,99,100],{},"Speed test results in the north (Shandong) are as follows:",[15,102,103],{},[104,105],"img",{"alt":74,"src":106},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image201.webp",[15,108,109],{},"In the south (Guangdong), the speed test results are as follows:",[15,111,112],{},[104,113],{"alt":74,"src":114},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image202.webp",[15,116,117,118,121,122,125],{},"The faster ones in both the north and south are ",[76,119,120],{},"北京外国语大学BFSU"," and ",[76,123,124],{},"南方科技大学SUSTech",". If you don't want to test speeds, you can pick them without hesitation, or you can test speeds to choose the best source.",[127,128,130],"h4",{"id":129},"ubuntu-2204-and-debian-10-and-earlier-versions","  Ubuntu 22.04 (and Debian 10) and earlier versions",[15,132,133],{},"Enter the following command",[69,135,137],{"className":71,"code":136,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sudo apt update\nsudo apt install vim\nsudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list\n",[76,138,139,150,163],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,140,141,144,147],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,142,143],{"class":85},"sudo",[79,145,146],{"class":89}," apt",[79,148,149],{"class":89}," update\n",[79,151,153,155,157,160],{"class":81,"line":152},2,[79,154,143],{"class":85},[79,156,146],{"class":89},[79,158,159],{"class":89}," install",[79,161,162],{"class":89}," vim\n",[79,164,166,168,171],{"class":81,"line":165},3,[79,167,143],{"class":85},[79,169,170],{"class":89}," vim",[79,172,173],{"class":89}," /etc/apt/sources.list\n",[15,175,176,177,180],{},"In the following interface, press ",[76,178,179],{},"ggdG"," on the keyboard (note: case-sensitive).",[15,182,183],{},[104,184],{"alt":74,"src":185},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image203.webp",[15,187,188],{},[104,189],{"alt":74,"src":190},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image204.webp",[15,192,193],{},"Once you have selected the Ubuntu version,",[15,195,196],{},[104,197],{"alt":74,"src":198},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image205.webp",[15,200,201],{},"I'll be happy to help you translate Simplified Chinese Markdown fragments into natural American English. Please paste the text you'd like me to translate.",[15,203,204],{},[104,205],{"alt":74,"src":206},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image206.webp",[15,208,209,210,213],{},"Press ESC, then type a colon in English, enter ",[76,211,212],{},":wq!"," and press Enter.",[15,215,216],{},[104,217],{"alt":74,"src":218},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image207.webp",[15,220,133],{},[69,222,224],{"className":71,"code":223,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sudo apt update\n",[76,225,226],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,227,228,230,232],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,229,143],{"class":85},[79,231,146],{"class":89},[79,233,149],{"class":89},[15,235,236],{},"If the corresponding school source website appears below, it is successful.",[15,238,239],{},[104,240],{"alt":74,"src":241},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image208.webp",[15,243,244],{},"At this point, the source switching is complete.",[127,246,248],{"id":247},"ubuntu-2404-and-debian-12-and-later-versions","  Ubuntu 24.04 (and Debian 12) and later versions",[69,250,252],{"className":71,"code":251,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sudo apt update\nsudo apt install vim\nsudo rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list\nsudo rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list.d/**\n\nsudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources\n",[76,253,254,262,272,285,300,307],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,255,256,258,260],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,257,143],{"class":85},[79,259,146],{"class":89},[79,261,149],{"class":89},[79,263,264,266,268,270],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,265,143],{"class":85},[79,267,146],{"class":89},[79,269,159],{"class":89},[79,271,162],{"class":89},[79,273,274,276,279,283],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,275,143],{"class":85},[79,277,278],{"class":89}," rm",[79,280,282],{"class":281},"sj4cs"," -rf",[79,284,173],{"class":89},[79,286,288,290,292,294,297],{"class":81,"line":287},4,[79,289,143],{"class":85},[79,291,278],{"class":89},[79,293,282],{"class":281},[79,295,296],{"class":89}," /etc/apt/sources.list.d/",[79,298,299],{"class":281},"**\n",[79,301,303],{"class":81,"line":302},5,[79,304,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},true,"\n",[79,308,310,312,314],{"class":81,"line":309},6,[79,311,143],{"class":85},[79,313,170],{"class":89},[79,315,316],{"class":89}," /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources\n",[15,318,319],{},"Once you have selected the Ubuntu version, copy the content below.",[15,321,322],{},[104,323],{"alt":74,"src":324},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image209.webp",[15,326,201],{},[15,328,329],{},[104,330],{"alt":74,"src":331},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image210.webp",[15,333,209,334,213],{},[76,335,212],{},[15,337,338],{},[104,339],{"alt":74,"src":340},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image211.webp",[15,342,133],{},[69,344,345],{"className":71,"code":223,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},[76,346,347],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,348,349,351,353],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,350,143],{"class":85},[79,352,146],{"class":89},[79,354,149],{"class":89},[15,356,357],{},"If the corresponding school is substituted here, it will succeed.",[15,359,360],{},[104,361],{"alt":74,"src":362},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image212.webp",[127,364,366],{"id":365},"fedora-41-dnf5-and-later","Fedora 41 (DNF5) and later",[15,368,369],{},[19,370,371],{"href":371,"rel":372},"https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/help/fedora/",[23],[15,374,375],{},[19,376,377],{"href":377,"rel":378},"https://help.mirrors.cernet.edu.cn/fedora/",[23],[69,380,382],{"className":71,"code":381,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sed -e 's|^metalink=|#metalink=|g' \\\n    -e 's|^#baseurl=http://download.example/pub/fedora/linux|baseurl=https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/fedora|g' \\\n    -i.bak \\\n    /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo \\\n    /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo\n",[76,383,384,398,408,415,422],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,385,386,389,392,395],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,387,388],{"class":85},"sed",[79,390,391],{"class":281}," -e",[79,393,394],{"class":89}," 's|^metalink=|#metalink=|g'",[79,396,397],{"class":281}," \\\n",[79,399,400,403,406],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,401,402],{"class":281},"    -e",[79,404,405],{"class":89}," 's|^#baseurl=http://download.example/pub/fedora/linux|baseurl=https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/fedora|g'",[79,407,397],{"class":281},[79,409,410,413],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,411,412],{"class":281},"    -i.bak",[79,414,397],{"class":281},[79,416,417,420],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,418,419],{"class":89},"    /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora.repo",[79,421,397],{"class":281},[79,423,424],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,425,426],{"class":89},"    /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo\n",[10,428,430],{"id":429},"remove-the-disgusting-snap-ubuntu-derivative","Remove the disgusting snap (Ubuntu derivative)",[15,432,433,437,438,441,444],{},[434,435,436],"strong",{},"⚠️ Official default original Ubuntu"," ",[434,439,440],{},"Gnome",[442,443],"br",{},[434,445,446],{},"Do not uninstall snap, or you'll be screwed. The original Ubuntu leaves you no choice but to let snap keep annoying you. (Now it seems even non-original Ubuntu doesn't allow uninstalling it either—so frustrating.)",[15,448,449],{},"That's why I've always recommended Ubuntu KDE (also known as Kubuntu).",[127,451,453],{"id":452},"install-a-non-firefox-browser","Install a non-Firefox browser",[15,455,456],{},"Before uninstalling snap, please install a browser first (using Google Chrome as an example) (this is because Ubuntu comes with the snap version of Firefox by default).",[15,458,459],{},"The following is the Chrome official website hosted on Google's Shanghai server (no VPN required).",[15,461,462],{},[19,463,464],{"href":464,"rel":465},"https://www.google.cn/chrome/index.html",[23],[15,467,468],{},[104,469],{"alt":74,"src":470},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image213.webp",[15,472,473],{},"Since we're using Ubuntu, which is a Debian-based system, select the package with the .deb extension (highlighted in the red box).",[15,475,476,477,480],{},"For Red Hat-based systems, you need to install packages with the ",[76,478,479],{},".rpm"," extension (shown in the blue box).",[15,482,483],{},[104,484],{"alt":74,"src":485},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image214.webp",[69,487,489],{"className":71,"code":488,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"#某些发行版中，可能Downloads是中文下载，所以就需要  cd ~/下载\ncd ~/Downloads\n#下方chrome安装包名不一定是这个，根据名字来看\nsudo apt install ./google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb\n",[76,490,491,497,505,510],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,492,493],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,494,496],{"class":495},"sJ8bj","#某些发行版中，可能Downloads是中文下载，所以就需要  cd ~/下载\n",[79,498,499,502],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,500,501],{"class":281},"cd",[79,503,504],{"class":89}," ~/Downloads\n",[79,506,507],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,508,509],{"class":495},"#下方chrome安装包名不一定是这个，根据名字来看\n",[79,511,512,514,516,518],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,513,143],{"class":85},[79,515,146],{"class":89},[79,517,159],{"class":89},[79,519,520],{"class":89}," ./google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb\n",[15,522,523],{},[104,524],{"alt":74,"src":525},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image215.webp",[127,527,529],{"id":528},"check-the-number-of-snap-package-applications","Check the number of snap package applications.",[69,531,533],{"className":71,"code":532,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 老版\nsudo apt update\nsudo apt install neofetch\nneofetch\n\n# 新版\nsudo add-apt-repository ppa:zhangsongcui3371/fastfetch\nsudo apt update\nsudo apt install fastfetch\nfastfetch\n\n# windows 想看系统信息的话\nwinget install fastfetch\n#重启 powershell\nfastfetch\n",[76,534,535,539,544,552,563,568,572,578,589,598,610,616,621,627,637,643],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,536,537],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,538,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,540,541],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,542,543],{"class":495},"# 老版\n",[79,545,546,548,550],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,547,143],{"class":85},[79,549,146],{"class":89},[79,551,149],{"class":89},[79,553,554,556,558,560],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,555,143],{"class":85},[79,557,146],{"class":89},[79,559,159],{"class":89},[79,561,562],{"class":89}," neofetch\n",[79,564,565],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,566,567],{"class":85},"neofetch\n",[79,569,570],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,571,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,573,575],{"class":81,"line":574},7,[79,576,577],{"class":495},"# 新版\n",[79,579,581,583,586],{"class":81,"line":580},8,[79,582,143],{"class":85},[79,584,585],{"class":89}," add-apt-repository",[79,587,588],{"class":89}," ppa:zhangsongcui3371/fastfetch\n",[79,590,592,594,596],{"class":81,"line":591},9,[79,593,143],{"class":85},[79,595,146],{"class":89},[79,597,149],{"class":89},[79,599,601,603,605,607],{"class":81,"line":600},10,[79,602,143],{"class":85},[79,604,146],{"class":89},[79,606,159],{"class":89},[79,608,609],{"class":89}," fastfetch\n",[79,611,613],{"class":81,"line":612},11,[79,614,615],{"class":85},"fastfetch\n",[79,617,619],{"class":81,"line":618},12,[79,620,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,622,624],{"class":81,"line":623},13,[79,625,626],{"class":495},"# windows 想看系统信息的话\n",[79,628,630,633,635],{"class":81,"line":629},14,[79,631,632],{"class":85},"winget",[79,634,159],{"class":89},[79,636,609],{"class":89},[79,638,640],{"class":81,"line":639},15,[79,641,642],{"class":495},"#重启 powershell\n",[79,644,646],{"class":81,"line":645},16,[79,647,615],{"class":85},[15,649,650],{},"Here it shows a total of 3162 Debian programs and 7 Snap programs.",[15,652,653],{},[104,654],{"alt":74,"src":655},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image216.webp",[127,657,659],{"id":658},"remove-the-snap-application","Remove the snap application.",[15,661,662],{},"When the system boots, it automatically starts Snap-related services. Let's disable these services first.",[69,664,666],{"className":71,"code":665,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sudo systemctl disable snapd.service\nsudo systemctl disable snapd.socket\nsudo systemctl disable snapd.seeded.service\n",[76,667,668,681,692],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,669,670,672,675,678],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,671,143],{"class":85},[79,673,674],{"class":89}," systemctl",[79,676,677],{"class":89}," disable",[79,679,680],{"class":89}," snapd.service\n",[79,682,683,685,687,689],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,684,143],{"class":85},[79,686,674],{"class":89},[79,688,677],{"class":89},[79,690,691],{"class":89}," snapd.socket\n",[79,693,694,696,698,700],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,695,143],{"class":85},[79,697,674],{"class":89},[79,699,677],{"class":89},[79,701,702],{"class":89}," snapd.seeded.service\n",[15,704,705],{},"Then view the list of snap applications.",[15,707,708,709,714],{},"Depending on your installation choice (minimal or normal installation), different Snap software will be ",[19,710,713],{"href":711,"rel":712},"https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E7%9A%84&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020",[23],"pre-installed"," on the system. Before removing the Snap service, we need to remove these Snap installations.",[69,716,718],{"className":71,"code":717,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 查询当前系统上snap安装了哪些app\nsnap list\n",[76,719,720,724,729],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,721,722],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,723,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,725,726],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,727,728],{"class":495},"# 查询当前系统上snap安装了哪些app\n",[79,730,731,734],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,732,733],{"class":85},"snap",[79,735,736],{"class":89}," list\n",[15,738,739],{},[104,740],{"alt":74,"src":741},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image217.webp",[15,743,744,745,748],{},"Delete all applications shown in the image, following the order of ",[434,746,747],{},"deleting application software first, then non-application software",".",[69,750,752],{"className":71,"code":751,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"#移除snap-store，如果是Kubuntu，则没有这个东西，测不需要卸载\nsudo snap remove snap-store\n#移除firefox浏览器 gnome-42-2204 gtk-common-themes(可以一次性移除多个)\nsudo snap remove firefox gnome-42-2204 gtk-common-themes\n#移除其它...\n\n#移除core22,bare以及snapd（下面这些需要最后再移除，否则会报错）\nsudo snap remove core22\nsudo snap remove bare\nsudo snap remove snapd\n",[76,753,754,759,772,777,794,799,803,808,819,830],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,755,756],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,757,758],{"class":495},"#移除snap-store，如果是Kubuntu，则没有这个东西，测不需要卸载\n",[79,760,761,763,766,769],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,762,143],{"class":85},[79,764,765],{"class":89}," snap",[79,767,768],{"class":89}," remove",[79,770,771],{"class":89}," snap-store\n",[79,773,774],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,775,776],{"class":495},"#移除firefox浏览器 gnome-42-2204 gtk-common-themes(可以一次性移除多个)\n",[79,778,779,781,783,785,788,791],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,780,143],{"class":85},[79,782,765],{"class":89},[79,784,768],{"class":89},[79,786,787],{"class":89}," firefox",[79,789,790],{"class":89}," gnome-42-2204",[79,792,793],{"class":89}," gtk-common-themes\n",[79,795,796],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,797,798],{"class":495},"#移除其它...\n",[79,800,801],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,802,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,804,805],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,806,807],{"class":495},"#移除core22,bare以及snapd（下面这些需要最后再移除，否则会报错）\n",[79,809,810,812,814,816],{"class":81,"line":580},[79,811,143],{"class":85},[79,813,765],{"class":89},[79,815,768],{"class":89},[79,817,818],{"class":89}," core22\n",[79,820,821,823,825,827],{"class":81,"line":591},[79,822,143],{"class":85},[79,824,765],{"class":89},[79,826,768],{"class":89},[79,828,829],{"class":89}," bare\n",[79,831,832,834,836,838],{"class":81,"line":600},[79,833,143],{"class":85},[79,835,765],{"class":89},[79,837,768],{"class":89},[79,839,840],{"class":89}," snapd\n",[15,842,843],{},[104,844],{"alt":74,"src":845},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image218.webp",[15,847,848],{},"Run the following command to check if there are any remaining snap packages.",[69,850,852],{"className":71,"code":851,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"snap list\n\n# 老版\nneofetch\n\n# 新版\nfastfetch\n",[76,853,854,860,864,868,872,876,880],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,855,856,858],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,857,733],{"class":85},[79,859,736],{"class":89},[79,861,862],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,863,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,865,866],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,867,543],{"class":495},[79,869,870],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,871,567],{"class":85},[79,873,874],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,875,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,877,878],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,879,577],{"class":495},[79,881,882],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,883,615],{"class":85},[15,885,886],{},[104,887],{"alt":74,"src":888},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image219.webp",[127,890,892],{"id":891},"remove-snap","Remove snap",[15,894,895,896,901],{},"After removing software installed via ",[19,897,900],{"href":898,"rel":899},"https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=Snap%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020",[23],"Snap",", the next step is to remove Snap itself. This needs to be done using Apt (proceed with caution, as the visual interface may crash).",[69,903,905],{"className":71,"code":904,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74}," #使用apt移除掉snap\nsudo apt autoremove --purge snapd\n#移除snapd的一些目录\nsudo rm -rf /var/cache/snapd\nsudo rm -rf ~/snap\n",[76,906,907,912,926,931,942],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,908,909],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,910,911],{"class":495}," #使用apt移除掉snap\n",[79,913,914,916,918,921,924],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,915,143],{"class":85},[79,917,146],{"class":89},[79,919,920],{"class":89}," autoremove",[79,922,923],{"class":281}," --purge",[79,925,840],{"class":89},[79,927,928],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,929,930],{"class":495},"#移除snapd的一些目录\n",[79,932,933,935,937,939],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,934,143],{"class":85},[79,936,278],{"class":89},[79,938,282],{"class":281},[79,940,941],{"class":89}," /var/cache/snapd\n",[79,943,944,946,948,950],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,945,143],{"class":85},[79,947,278],{"class":89},[79,949,282],{"class":281},[79,951,952],{"class":89}," ~/snap\n",[15,954,955,956,959],{},"At this point, Snap has actually been removed. However, this is not enough — if you use apt to install certain software ",[76,957,958],{},"sudo apt install firefox",", it will automatically download and reinstall the Snap service. This is because some software in the Ubuntu repositories is already the Snap version rather than the Deb version. When downloading the Snap version, the system will automatically check and, if necessary, reinstall the Snap service. This is part of Canonical's extra effort to promote its own Snap Store. (This is one aspect that many people dislike the most.)",[127,961,963],{"id":962},"prohibit-the-system-from-automatically-installing-snap","Prohibit the system from automatically installing snap.",[15,965,966],{},"We can use APT's configurable feature to disable the installation of specific dependencies, thereby preventing the automatic reinstallation of the Snap service.",[69,968,970],{"className":71,"code":969,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sudo vim /etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref\n",[76,971,972],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,973,974,976,978],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,975,143],{"class":85},[79,977,170],{"class":89},[79,979,980],{"class":89}," /etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref\n",[15,982,983,984,987],{},"Press Insert to enter edit mode, then copy the following content. Finally, press ESC, switch to English input mode, and type ",[76,985,986],{},":wq"," followed by Enter.",[69,989,991],{"className":71,"code":990,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"Package: snapd\nPin: release a=*\nPin-Priority: -10\n",[76,992,993,1000,1014],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,994,995,998],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,996,997],{"class":85},"Package:",[79,999,840],{"class":89},[79,1001,1002,1005,1008,1011],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,1003,1004],{"class":85},"Pin:",[79,1006,1007],{"class":89}," release",[79,1009,1010],{"class":89}," a=",[79,1012,1013],{"class":281},"*\n",[79,1015,1016,1019],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,1017,1018],{"class":85},"Pin-Priority:",[79,1020,1021],{"class":281}," -10\n",[15,1023,1024],{},[104,1025],{"alt":74,"src":1026},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image220.webp",[127,1028,1030],{"id":1029},"test-if-successful","Test if successful",[69,1032,1034],{"className":71,"code":1033,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sudo apt update\nsudo apt install firefox\n",[76,1035,1036,1044],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,1037,1038,1040,1042],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,1039,143],{"class":85},[79,1041,146],{"class":89},[79,1043,149],{"class":89},[79,1045,1046,1048,1050,1052],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,1047,143],{"class":85},[79,1049,146],{"class":89},[79,1051,159],{"class":89},[79,1053,1054],{"class":89}," firefox\n",[15,1056,1057],{},"Here, the prompt indicates that snapd cannot be installed, which proves success.",[15,1059,1060],{},[104,1061],{"alt":74,"src":1062},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image221.webp",[127,1064,1066],{"id":1065},"reinstall-the-firefox-browser-not-really-necessary","Reinstall the Firefox browser (not really necessary)",[15,1068,1069],{},"I personally prefer Google Chrome, which I installed by downloading the deb package from the Chrome official website. Since I already have a browser, there's no need to install Firefox.",[15,1071,1072],{},"But if you really like Firefox, after removing Snap, you actually can't install Firefox through Snap or Apt anymore. The download provided by Firefox's official website doesn't include a .deb package or a desktop shortcut, which isn't very convenient.",[15,1074,1075],{},"So, you can consider using the source provided by Mozilla to install the Debian version of Firefox.",[69,1077,1079],{"className":71,"code":1078,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 添加Mozilla提供的源\nsudo add-apt-repository ppa:mozillateam/ppa\n\n# 安装Firefox\nsudo apt update\nsudo apt install firefox\n",[76,1080,1081,1085,1090,1099,1103,1108,1116],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,1082,1083],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,1084,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1086,1087],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,1088,1089],{"class":495},"# 添加Mozilla提供的源\n",[79,1091,1092,1094,1096],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,1093,143],{"class":85},[79,1095,585],{"class":89},[79,1097,1098],{"class":89}," ppa:mozillateam/ppa\n",[79,1100,1101],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,1102,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1104,1105],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,1106,1107],{"class":495},"# 安装Firefox\n",[79,1109,1110,1112,1114],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,1111,143],{"class":85},[79,1113,146],{"class":89},[79,1115,149],{"class":89},[79,1117,1118,1120,1122,1124],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,1119,143],{"class":85},[79,1121,146],{"class":89},[79,1123,159],{"class":89},[79,1125,1054],{"class":89},[127,1127,1129],{"id":1128},"cross-major-version-ubuntu-update","Cross-major version Ubuntu update",[15,1131,1132],{},"Cross-major version Ubuntu updates refer to major version upgrades, such as updating from Ubuntu 22.04 LTS to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS.",[15,1134,1135],{},"When performing a major Ubuntu version upgrade, it is recommended to restore snap, and then remove it after the upgrade is complete, to prevent Canonical from causing trouble.",[69,1137,1139],{"className":71,"code":1138,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"#删掉禁止安装snap的配置文件\nsudo rm -rf /etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref\nsudo apt update\n\nsudo apt dist-update\n",[76,1140,1141,1146,1156,1164,1168],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,1142,1143],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,1144,1145],{"class":495},"#删掉禁止安装snap的配置文件\n",[79,1147,1148,1150,1152,1154],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,1149,143],{"class":85},[79,1151,278],{"class":89},[79,1153,282],{"class":281},[79,1155,980],{"class":89},[79,1157,1158,1160,1162],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,1159,143],{"class":85},[79,1161,146],{"class":89},[79,1163,149],{"class":89},[79,1165,1166],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,1167,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1169,1170,1172,1174],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,1171,143],{"class":85},[79,1173,146],{"class":89},[79,1175,1176],{"class":89}," dist-update\n",[10,1178,1180],{"id":1179},"switch-the-system-language-to-chinese","Switch the system language to Chinese.",[15,1182,1183],{},"(If you really don't like English, you can switch. Using KDE6 as an example, others are similar.)",[15,1185,1186],{},[104,1187],{"alt":74,"src":1188},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image222.webp",[15,1190,1191],{},[104,1192],{"alt":74,"src":1193},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image223.webp",[10,1195,1197],{"id":1196},"chinese-input-method","Chinese input method",[127,1199,1201,1202,1205],{"id":1200},"sogou-not-recommended-ubuntu-2204-and-below","Sogou (not recommended) (Ubuntu 22.04 ",[434,1203,1204],{},"and"," below)",[15,1207,1208],{},"Download Sogou Input Method from the official website.",[15,1210,1211],{},[104,1212],{"alt":74,"src":1213},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image224.webp",[15,1215,1216],{},[104,1217],{"alt":74,"src":1218},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image225.webp",[15,1220,1221],{},"Open the terminal and enter the following:",[69,1223,1225],{"className":71,"code":1224,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"cd ~/Downloads/\nsudo apt install ./sogoupinyin_4.2.1.145_amd64.deb\n",[76,1226,1227,1234],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,1228,1229,1231],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,1230,501],{"class":281},[79,1232,1233],{"class":89}," ~/Downloads/\n",[79,1235,1236,1238,1240,1242],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,1237,143],{"class":85},[79,1239,146],{"class":89},[79,1241,159],{"class":89},[79,1243,1244],{"class":89}," ./sogoupinyin_4.2.1.145_amd64.deb\n",[15,1246,1247],{},"Open Fcitx.",[15,1249,1250],{},[104,1251],{"alt":74,"src":1252},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image226.webp",[15,1254,1255],{},[104,1256],{"alt":74,"src":1257},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image227.webp",[15,1259,1260],{},[104,1261],{"alt":74,"src":1262},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image228.webp",[15,1264,1265],{},"Add Sogou Input Method",[15,1267,1268],{},[104,1269],{"alt":74,"src":1270},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image229.webp",[15,1272,1273],{},[104,1274],{"alt":74,"src":1275},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image230.webp",[15,1277,1278],{},"Set Sogou Input Method as the default input method.",[15,1280,1281],{},[104,1282],{"alt":74,"src":1283},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image231.webp",[127,1285,1287,1288,1290],{"id":1286},"fcitx5-ubuntu-2204-and-above-debian-12-and-above-fedora","Fcitx5 (Ubuntu 22.04 ",[434,1289,1204],{}," above, Debian 12 and above, Fedora)",[1292,1293,1294],"ol",{},[1295,1296,1297],"li",{},"Uninstall the old input method",[69,1299,1301],{"className":71,"code":1300,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# Ubuntu或者Debian\nsudo apt purge fcitx* ibus*\n\n# Fedora\n\n# 应该不用干任何事，fedora41基本都移除了\n",[76,1302,1303,1307,1312,1332,1336,1341,1345],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,1304,1305],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,1306,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1308,1309],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,1310,1311],{"class":495},"# Ubuntu或者Debian\n",[79,1313,1314,1316,1318,1321,1324,1327,1330],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,1315,143],{"class":85},[79,1317,146],{"class":89},[79,1319,1320],{"class":89}," purge",[79,1322,1323],{"class":89}," fcitx",[79,1325,1326],{"class":281},"*",[79,1328,1329],{"class":89}," ibus",[79,1331,1013],{"class":281},[79,1333,1334],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,1335,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1337,1338],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,1339,1340],{"class":495},"# Fedora\n",[79,1342,1343],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,1344,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1346,1347],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,1348,1349],{"class":495},"# 应该不用干任何事，fedora41基本都移除了\n",[1292,1351,1352],{"start":152},[1295,1353,1354],{},"Install Fcitx5",[69,1356,1358],{"className":71,"code":1357,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# Ubuntu22.04及以上、Debian12及以上\nsudo apt install fcitx5 fcitx5-chinese-addons\n\n# Ubuntu20.04\nsudo add-apt-repository ppa:zhsj/fcitx5\nsudo apt update\nsudo apt install fcitx5 fcitx5-chinese-addons\n\n# Fedora\nsudo dnf install fcitx5 fcitx5-chinese-addons fcitx5-autostart\n",[76,1359,1360,1364,1369,1383,1387,1392,1401,1409,1421,1425,1429],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,1361,1362],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,1363,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1365,1366],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,1367,1368],{"class":495},"# Ubuntu22.04及以上、Debian12及以上\n",[79,1370,1371,1373,1375,1377,1380],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,1372,143],{"class":85},[79,1374,146],{"class":89},[79,1376,159],{"class":89},[79,1378,1379],{"class":89}," fcitx5",[79,1381,1382],{"class":89}," fcitx5-chinese-addons\n",[79,1384,1385],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,1386,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1388,1389],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,1390,1391],{"class":495},"# Ubuntu20.04\n",[79,1393,1394,1396,1398],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,1395,143],{"class":85},[79,1397,585],{"class":89},[79,1399,1400],{"class":89}," ppa:zhsj/fcitx5\n",[79,1402,1403,1405,1407],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,1404,143],{"class":85},[79,1406,146],{"class":89},[79,1408,149],{"class":89},[79,1410,1411,1413,1415,1417,1419],{"class":81,"line":580},[79,1412,143],{"class":85},[79,1414,146],{"class":89},[79,1416,159],{"class":89},[79,1418,1379],{"class":89},[79,1420,1382],{"class":89},[79,1422,1423],{"class":81,"line":591},[79,1424,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1426,1427],{"class":81,"line":600},[79,1428,1340],{"class":495},[79,1430,1431,1433,1436,1438,1440,1443],{"class":81,"line":612},[79,1432,143],{"class":85},[79,1434,1435],{"class":89}," dnf",[79,1437,159],{"class":89},[79,1439,1379],{"class":89},[79,1441,1442],{"class":89}," fcitx5-chinese-addons",[79,1444,1445],{"class":89}," fcitx5-autostart\n",[1292,1447,1448,1451],{"start":165},[1295,1449,1450],{},"Reboot System",[1295,1452,1453],{},"Start Fcitx5",[15,1455,1456],{},[104,1457],{"alt":74,"src":1458},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image232.webp",[1292,1460,1461],{"start":302},[1295,1462,1463],{},"Modify some settings",[15,1465,1466],{},[104,1467],{"alt":74,"src":1257},[15,1469,1470],{},"Add Pinyin and Keyboard - English US to the left side. (If you can't find them, do not check \"Show only current language\" on the right.)",[15,1472,1473],{},[104,1474],{"alt":74,"src":1475},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image233.webp",[15,1477,1478],{},"Added keyboard shortcuts for easier switching between Chinese and English.",[15,1480,1481],{},[104,1482],{"alt":74,"src":1483},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image234.webp",[1292,1485,1486],{"start":309},[1295,1487,1488,1489,1494,1496,1499,1501,1504,1521,1534],{},"Configure environment variables",[1292,1490,1491],{},[1295,1492,1493],{},"If you are using KDE + Wayland, you also need the following step (Kubuntu 26.04 and above, Debian 13 and above, Rocky 10 and above, Fedora, etc.)",[442,1495],{},[104,1497],{"alt":74,"src":1498},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image235.webp",[442,1500],{},[104,1502],{"alt":74,"src":1503},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image236.webp",[1292,1505,1506],{"start":152},[1295,1507,1508,1509,1512,1513,1516,1517,1520],{},"If you are using KDE+X11, you will also need the following step (on most older versions of distributions, you can use ",[76,1510,1511],{},"fastfetch"," to check whether you are using ",[76,1514,1515],{},"x11"," or ",[76,1518,1519],{},"wayland",").",[69,1522,1524],{"className":71,"code":1523,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"vim ~/.config/plasma-workspace/env/fcitx5.sh\n",[76,1525,1526],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,1527,1528,1531],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,1529,1530],{"class":85},"vim",[79,1532,1533],{"class":89}," ~/.config/plasma-workspace/env/fcitx5.sh\n",[69,1535,1537],{"className":71,"code":1536,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx\nexport QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx\nexport XMODIFIERS=\"@im=fcitx\"\nexport SDL_IM_MODULE=fcitx\nexport INPUT_METHOD=fcitx\n",[76,1538,1539,1554,1565,1577,1588],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,1540,1541,1544,1548,1551],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,1542,1543],{"class":93},"export",[79,1545,1547],{"class":1546},"sVt8B"," GTK_IM_MODULE",[79,1549,1550],{"class":93},"=",[79,1552,1553],{"class":1546},"fcitx\n",[79,1555,1556,1558,1561,1563],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,1557,1543],{"class":93},[79,1559,1560],{"class":1546}," QT_IM_MODULE",[79,1562,1550],{"class":93},[79,1564,1553],{"class":1546},[79,1566,1567,1569,1572,1574],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,1568,1543],{"class":93},[79,1570,1571],{"class":1546}," XMODIFIERS",[79,1573,1550],{"class":93},[79,1575,1576],{"class":89},"\"@im=fcitx\"\n",[79,1578,1579,1581,1584,1586],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,1580,1543],{"class":93},[79,1582,1583],{"class":1546}," SDL_IM_MODULE",[79,1585,1550],{"class":93},[79,1587,1553],{"class":1546},[79,1589,1590,1592,1595,1597],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,1591,1543],{"class":93},[79,1593,1594],{"class":1546}," INPUT_METHOD",[79,1596,1550],{"class":93},[79,1598,1553],{"class":1546},[15,1600,1601],{},"Restart again.",[1292,1603,1604],{"start":574},[1295,1605,1606],{},"Restart",[69,1608,1610],{"className":71,"code":1609,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sudo shutdown -r now\n",[76,1611,1612],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,1613,1614,1616,1619,1622],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,1615,143],{"class":85},[79,1617,1618],{"class":89}," shutdown",[79,1620,1621],{"class":281}," -r",[79,1623,1624],{"class":89}," now\n",[1292,1626,1627],{"start":580},[1295,1628,1629],{},"Optimize Fcitx5 using the Fcitx5 Configuration Tool (go to GitHub and read the instructions to install it yourself).",[15,1631,1632],{},[19,1633,1636],{"href":1634,"rel":1635},"https://github.com/debuggerx01/fcitx5%5C_customizer",[23],"https://github.com/debuggerx01/fcitx5\\_customizer",[69,1638,1643],{"className":1639,"code":1640,"language":1641,"meta":1642,"style":74},"language-Plain shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","\n# Ubuntu\n\n# 直接在线执行工具箱优化\ncurl -sSL https://fcitx5.debuggerx.com/fcitx5_customizer.sh | bash -s -- recommend\n\n# Fedora\n\n# 直接在线执行工具箱优化\ncurl -sSL https://fcitx5.debuggerx.com/fcitx5_customizer.sh | bash -s -- recommend\n","Plain","Text",[76,1644,1645,1649,1654,1658,1663,1668,1672,1676,1680,1684],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,1646,1647],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,1648,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1650,1651],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,1652,1653],{},"# Ubuntu\n",[79,1655,1656],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,1657,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1659,1660],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,1661,1662],{},"# 直接在线执行工具箱优化\n",[79,1664,1665],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,1666,1667],{},"curl -sSL https://fcitx5.debuggerx.com/fcitx5_customizer.sh | bash -s -- recommend\n",[79,1669,1670],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,1671,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1673,1674],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,1675,1340],{},[79,1677,1678],{"class":81,"line":580},[79,1679,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1681,1682],{"class":81,"line":591},[79,1683,1662],{},[79,1685,1686],{"class":81,"line":600},[79,1687,1667],{},[1292,1689,1690],{"start":591},[1295,1691,1601],{},[69,1693,1694],{"className":71,"code":1609,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},[76,1695,1696],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,1697,1698,1700,1702,1704],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,1699,143],{"class":85},[79,1701,1618],{"class":89},[79,1703,1621],{"class":281},[79,1705,1624],{"class":89},[10,1707,1709],{"id":1708},"replace-the-pip3-source","Replace the pip3 source.",[15,1711,1712],{},"Non-Debian-based distributions need to do this.",[15,1714,1715],{},"Distributions like Ubuntu and Debian that use the apt tool do not require this operation.",[15,1717,1718],{},"Systems using dnf (such as Fedora, RHEL, Rocky Linux) may also be able to skip this step.",[15,1720,1721],{},[19,1722,1723],{"href":1723,"rel":1724},"https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/pypi/",[23],[15,1726,1727],{},"Follow the order shown in the diagram, but as expected, it will throw an error because most distributions don't come with pip pre-installed. So please continue reading below.",[15,1729,1730],{},[104,1731],{"alt":74,"src":1732},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image237.webp",[69,1734,1736],{"className":71,"code":1735,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"#安装pip3\nsudo apt update\nsudo apt-get install python3-pip\n\n#更新pip3\npython3 -m pip install -i https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple --upgrade pip\n\n#设置pip源为北京外国语大学镜像源\npip3 config set global.index-url https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple\n\n#测试\npython3 -m pip install --upgrade pip\n",[76,1737,1738,1743,1751,1763,1767,1772,1797,1801,1806,1823,1827,1832],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,1739,1740],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,1741,1742],{"class":495},"#安装pip3\n",[79,1744,1745,1747,1749],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,1746,143],{"class":85},[79,1748,146],{"class":89},[79,1750,149],{"class":89},[79,1752,1753,1755,1758,1760],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,1754,143],{"class":85},[79,1756,1757],{"class":89}," apt-get",[79,1759,159],{"class":89},[79,1761,1762],{"class":89}," python3-pip\n",[79,1764,1765],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,1766,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1768,1769],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,1770,1771],{"class":495},"#更新pip3\n",[79,1773,1774,1777,1780,1783,1785,1788,1791,1794],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,1775,1776],{"class":85},"python3",[79,1778,1779],{"class":281}," -m",[79,1781,1782],{"class":89}," pip",[79,1784,159],{"class":89},[79,1786,1787],{"class":281}," -i",[79,1789,1790],{"class":89}," https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple",[79,1792,1793],{"class":281}," --upgrade",[79,1795,1796],{"class":89}," pip\n",[79,1798,1799],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,1800,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1802,1803],{"class":81,"line":580},[79,1804,1805],{"class":495},"#设置pip源为北京外国语大学镜像源\n",[79,1807,1808,1811,1814,1817,1820],{"class":81,"line":591},[79,1809,1810],{"class":85},"pip3",[79,1812,1813],{"class":89}," config",[79,1815,1816],{"class":89}," set",[79,1818,1819],{"class":89}," global.index-url",[79,1821,1822],{"class":89}," https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple\n",[79,1824,1825],{"class":81,"line":600},[79,1826,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1828,1829],{"class":81,"line":612},[79,1830,1831],{"class":495},"#测试\n",[79,1833,1834,1836,1838,1840,1842,1844],{"class":81,"line":618},[79,1835,1776],{"class":85},[79,1837,1779],{"class":281},[79,1839,1782],{"class":89},[79,1841,159],{"class":89},[79,1843,1793],{"class":281},[79,1845,1796],{"class":89},[15,1847,1848],{},"If successful, you will see the word \"bfsu\" after \"Looking\".",[15,1850,1851],{},[104,1852],{"alt":74,"src":1853},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image238.webp",[10,1855,1857],{"id":1856},"install-rpmfusion-and-change-the-source","Install RPMFusion and change the source.",[15,1859,1860],{},[434,1861,1862],{},"(For Red Hat-based systems only; Ubuntu and other Debian-based systems do not need this.)",[15,1864,1865],{},[19,1866,1867],{"href":1867,"rel":1868},"https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/help/rpmfusion/",[23],[1292,1870,1871],{},[1295,1872,1873],{},"First, use the following command to check if you have enabled rpmfusion.",[69,1875,1877],{"className":71,"code":1876,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"rpm -qa | grep rpmfusion\n",[76,1878,1879],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,1880,1881,1884,1887,1889,1892],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,1882,1883],{"class":85},"rpm",[79,1885,1886],{"class":281}," -qa",[79,1888,94],{"class":93},[79,1890,1891],{"class":85}," grep",[79,1893,1894],{"class":89}," rpmfusion\n",[15,1896,1897],{},[104,1898],{"alt":74,"src":1899},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image239.webp",[1292,1901,1902],{"start":152},[1295,1903,1904],{},"If it is enabled, first uninstall rpmfusion.",[69,1906,1908],{"className":71,"code":1907,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sudo dnf remove rpmfusion-free-release rpmfusion-nonfree-release\n",[76,1909,1910],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,1911,1912,1914,1916,1918,1921],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,1913,143],{"class":85},[79,1915,1435],{"class":89},[79,1917,768],{"class":89},[79,1919,1920],{"class":89}," rpmfusion-free-release",[79,1922,1923],{"class":89}," rpmfusion-nonfree-release\n",[15,1925,1926],{},[104,1927],{"alt":74,"src":1928},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image240.webp",[1292,1930,1931,2057],{"start":165},[1295,1932,1933,1934,1939,2000,2005],{},"Install the rpmfusion from Beijing Foreign Studies University.",[1292,1935,1936],{},[1295,1937,1938],{},"Fedora",[69,1940,1942],{"className":71,"code":1941,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 安装免费仓库非免费仓库\nsudo dnf install --nogpgcheck https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/rpmfusion/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/rpmfusion/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm\n",[76,1943,1944,1948,1953],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,1945,1946],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,1947,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,1949,1950],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,1951,1952],{"class":495},"# 安装免费仓库非免费仓库\n",[79,1954,1955,1957,1959,1961,1964,1967,1970,1972,1975,1978,1981,1984,1987,1989,1991,1993,1995,1997],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,1956,143],{"class":85},[79,1958,1435],{"class":89},[79,1960,159],{"class":89},[79,1962,1963],{"class":281}," --nogpgcheck",[79,1965,1966],{"class":89}," https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/rpmfusion/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-",[79,1968,1969],{"class":1546},"$(",[79,1971,1883],{"class":85},[79,1973,1974],{"class":281}," -E",[79,1976,1977],{"class":89}," %fedora",[79,1979,1980],{"class":1546},")",[79,1982,1983],{"class":89},".noarch.rpm",[79,1985,1986],{"class":89}," https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/rpmfusion/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-",[79,1988,1969],{"class":1546},[79,1990,1883],{"class":85},[79,1992,1974],{"class":281},[79,1994,1977],{"class":89},[79,1996,1980],{"class":1546},[79,1998,1999],{"class":89},".noarch.rpm\n",[1292,2001,2002],{"start":165},[1295,2003,2004],{},"RHEL、RockyLinux",[69,2006,2008],{"className":71,"code":2007,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 安装免费仓库非免费仓库\nsudo dnf install --nogpgcheck https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/rpmfusion/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %rhel).noarch.rpm https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/rpmfusion/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %rhel).noarch.rpm\n",[76,2009,2010,2014,2018],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2011,2012],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2013,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,2015,2016],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,2017,1952],{"class":495},[79,2019,2020,2022,2024,2026,2028,2030,2032,2034,2036,2039,2041,2043,2045,2047,2049,2051,2053,2055],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,2021,143],{"class":85},[79,2023,1435],{"class":89},[79,2025,159],{"class":89},[79,2027,1963],{"class":281},[79,2029,1966],{"class":89},[79,2031,1969],{"class":1546},[79,2033,1883],{"class":85},[79,2035,1974],{"class":281},[79,2037,2038],{"class":89}," %rhel",[79,2040,1980],{"class":1546},[79,2042,1983],{"class":89},[79,2044,1986],{"class":89},[79,2046,1969],{"class":1546},[79,2048,1883],{"class":85},[79,2050,1974],{"class":281},[79,2052,2038],{"class":89},[79,2054,1980],{"class":1546},[79,2056,1999],{"class":89},[1295,2058,2059],{},"Change the other RPM Fusion repositories to the BFSU mirror as well.",[69,2061,2063],{"className":71,"code":2062,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sudo sed -e 's!^metalink=!#metalink=!g' \\\n         -e 's!^mirrorlist=!#mirrorlist=!g' \\\n         -e 's!^#baseurl=!baseurl=!g' \\\n         -e 's!https\\?://download1\\.rpmfusion\\.org/!https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/rpmfusion/!g' \\\n         -i /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmfusion*.repo\n",[76,2064,2065,2079,2089,2098,2107],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2066,2067,2069,2072,2074,2077],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2068,143],{"class":85},[79,2070,2071],{"class":89}," sed",[79,2073,391],{"class":281},[79,2075,2076],{"class":89}," 's!^metalink=!#metalink=!g'",[79,2078,397],{"class":281},[79,2080,2081,2084,2087],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,2082,2083],{"class":281},"         -e",[79,2085,2086],{"class":89}," 's!^mirrorlist=!#mirrorlist=!g'",[79,2088,397],{"class":281},[79,2090,2091,2093,2096],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,2092,2083],{"class":281},[79,2094,2095],{"class":89}," 's!^#baseurl=!baseurl=!g'",[79,2097,397],{"class":281},[79,2099,2100,2102,2105],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,2101,2083],{"class":281},[79,2103,2104],{"class":89}," 's!https\\?://download1\\.rpmfusion\\.org/!https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/rpmfusion/!g'",[79,2106,397],{"class":281},[79,2108,2109,2112,2115,2117],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,2110,2111],{"class":281},"         -i",[79,2113,2114],{"class":89}," /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmfusion",[79,2116,1326],{"class":281},[79,2118,2119],{"class":89},".repo\n",[1292,2121,2122],{"start":302},[1295,2123,2124],{},"Check the updated repository.",[69,2126,2128],{"className":71,"code":2127,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"grep \"mirrors.bfsu\" /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmfusion*.repo\n",[76,2129,2130],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2131,2132,2135,2138,2140,2142],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2133,2134],{"class":85},"grep",[79,2136,2137],{"class":89}," \"mirrors.bfsu\"",[79,2139,2114],{"class":89},[79,2141,1326],{"class":281},[79,2143,2119],{"class":89},[15,2145,2146],{},"You can see that not only the free and nonfree sources have changed, but NVIDIA and Steam have also been updated.",[15,2148,2149],{},[104,2150],{"alt":74,"src":2151},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image241.webp",[1292,2153,2154],{"start":309},[1295,2155,2156],{},"Refresh the repository cache.",[69,2158,2160],{"className":71,"code":2159,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sudo dnf clean all\nsudo dnf makecache\n",[76,2161,2162,2174],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2163,2164,2166,2168,2171],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2165,143],{"class":85},[79,2167,1435],{"class":89},[79,2169,2170],{"class":89}," clean",[79,2172,2173],{"class":89}," all\n",[79,2175,2176,2178,2180],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,2177,143],{"class":85},[79,2179,1435],{"class":89},[79,2181,2182],{"class":89}," makecache\n",[10,2184,2186],{"id":2185},"time-out-of-sync","Time out of sync",[15,2188,2189],{},"Dual-booting causes Ubuntu to be 8 hours ahead of Windows, while Windows is 8 hours behind Ubuntu, so the system time synchronization issue needs to be resolved. It's still the same video shared the first time, and there's a section later on that covers the time synchronization problem.",[15,2191,2192,2193,1980],{},"(",[434,2194,2195],{},"Suggestion: Turn on subtitles while watching, as some unexpected issues may be explained in the bullet comments.",[15,2197,2198],{},[19,2199,2202],{"href":2200,"rel":2201},"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1554y1n7zv/?vd%5C_source=ceb9c29ca8792358f229b53eef0c1448",[23],"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1554y1n7zv/?vd\\_source=ceb9c29ca8792358f229b53eef0c1448",[10,2204,2206],{"id":2205},"installation-of-the-graphics-card-driver","Installation of the graphics card driver",[127,2208,2210],{"id":2209},"completely-uninstall-the-graphics-card-driver","Completely uninstall the graphics card driver.",[69,2212,2214],{"className":71,"code":2213,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 如果使用了.run文件进行安装的，再使用下面命令卸载干净\nsudo /usr/bin/nvidia-uninstall\n\n# 如果是使用apt安装的驱动\nsudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia*\n\n# 如果是使用dnf安装的驱动\nsudo dnf remove nvidia*\n",[76,2215,2216,2220,2225,2232,2236,2241,2256,2260,2265],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2217,2218],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2219,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,2221,2222],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,2223,2224],{"class":495},"# 如果使用了.run文件进行安装的，再使用下面命令卸载干净\n",[79,2226,2227,2229],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,2228,143],{"class":85},[79,2230,2231],{"class":89}," /usr/bin/nvidia-uninstall\n",[79,2233,2234],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,2235,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,2237,2238],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,2239,2240],{"class":495},"# 如果是使用apt安装的驱动\n",[79,2242,2243,2245,2247,2249,2251,2254],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,2244,143],{"class":85},[79,2246,1757],{"class":89},[79,2248,768],{"class":89},[79,2250,923],{"class":281},[79,2252,2253],{"class":89}," nvidia",[79,2255,1013],{"class":281},[79,2257,2258],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,2259,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,2261,2262],{"class":81,"line":580},[79,2263,2264],{"class":495},"# 如果是使用dnf安装的驱动\n",[79,2266,2267,2269,2271,2273,2275],{"class":81,"line":591},[79,2268,143],{"class":85},[79,2270,1435],{"class":89},[79,2272,768],{"class":89},[79,2274,2253],{"class":89},[79,2276,1013],{"class":281},[127,2278,2280],{"id":2279},"frequently-asked-questions-check-back-here-if-you-run-into-issues","Frequently Asked Questions (Check back here if you run into issues)",[1292,2282,2283],{},[1295,2284,2285],{},"Disable the open-source driver nouveau, as it often causes lag, black screens, and screen artifacts.",[69,2287,2289],{"className":71,"code":2288,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf\n",[76,2290,2291],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2292,2293,2295,2297],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2294,143],{"class":85},[79,2296,170],{"class":89},[79,2298,2299],{"class":89}," /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf\n",[15,2301,2302,2303,2306],{},"The contents of the ",[76,2304,2305],{},"blacklist-nouveau.conf"," file are as follows:",[69,2308,2310],{"className":71,"code":2309,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"blacklist nouveau\nblacklist lbm-nouveau\noptions nouveau modeset=0\nalias nouveau off\nalias lbm-nouveau off\n",[76,2311,2312,2320,2327,2341,2351],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2313,2314,2317],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2315,2316],{"class":85},"blacklist",[79,2318,2319],{"class":89}," nouveau\n",[79,2321,2322,2324],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,2323,2316],{"class":85},[79,2325,2326],{"class":89}," lbm-nouveau\n",[79,2328,2329,2332,2335,2338],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,2330,2331],{"class":85},"options",[79,2333,2334],{"class":89}," nouveau",[79,2336,2337],{"class":89}," modeset=",[79,2339,2340],{"class":281},"0\n",[79,2342,2343,2346,2348],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,2344,2345],{"class":281},"alias",[79,2347,2334],{"class":89},[79,2349,2350],{"class":89}," off\n",[79,2352,2353,2355,2358],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,2354,2345],{"class":281},[79,2356,2357],{"class":89}," lbm-nouveau",[79,2359,2350],{"class":89},[15,2361,2362],{},"Next, run the following command",[69,2364,2366],{"className":71,"code":2365,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# debian系选这个（Ubuntu等）\nsudo update-initramfs -u\n\n# 红帽系选这个（Fedora，Rocky等）\nsudo dracut --force\n",[76,2367,2368,2372,2377,2387,2391,2396],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2369,2370],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2371,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,2373,2374],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,2375,2376],{"class":495},"# debian系选这个（Ubuntu等）\n",[79,2378,2379,2381,2384],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,2380,143],{"class":85},[79,2382,2383],{"class":89}," update-initramfs",[79,2385,2386],{"class":281}," -u\n",[79,2388,2389],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,2390,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,2392,2393],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,2394,2395],{"class":495},"# 红帽系选这个（Fedora，Rocky等）\n",[79,2397,2398,2400,2403],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,2399,143],{"class":85},[79,2401,2402],{"class":89}," dracut",[79,2404,2405],{"class":281}," --force\n",[69,2407,2409],{"className":1639,"code":2408,"language":1641,"meta":1642,"style":74},"\n# 重启\nsudo reboot\n",[76,2410,2411,2415,2420],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2412,2413],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2414,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,2416,2417],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,2418,2419],{},"# 重启\n",[79,2421,2422],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,2423,2424],{},"sudo reboot\n",[15,2426,2427],{},"After rebooting, check whether nouveau is still active. If nothing appears, it means the disable was successful.",[69,2429,2431],{"className":71,"code":2430,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"lsmod | grep nouveau\n",[76,2432,2433],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2434,2435,2438,2440,2442],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2436,2437],{"class":85},"lsmod",[79,2439,94],{"class":93},[79,2441,1891],{"class":85},[79,2443,2319],{"class":89},[1292,2445,2446],{"start":152},[1295,2447,2448,2449,2452],{},"Unable to adjust screen brightness, unable to use HDMI port (this is because the xorg file and grub are not configured) ( ",[434,2450,2451],{},"X11 only"," , for example Ubuntu 24.04 and below; distributions like Fedora that use Wayland cannot use the configuration below.)",[15,2454,2455],{},"First, configure xorg.",[69,2457,2459],{"className":71,"code":2458,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sudo vim /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-nvidia.conf\n",[76,2460,2461],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2462,2463,2465,2467],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2464,143],{"class":85},[79,2466,170],{"class":89},[79,2468,2469],{"class":89}," /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-nvidia.conf\n",[15,2471,2472,2473,2476],{},"Then modify the content in ",[76,2474,2475],{},"10-nvidia.conf"," to the content below and save it, then restart.",[69,2478,2480],{"className":71,"code":2479,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"Section \"OutputClass\"\n   Identifier \"nvidia\"\n   MatchDriver \"nvidia-drm\"\n   Driver \"nvidia\"\n   Option \"AllowEmptyInitialConfiguration\"\n   Option \"PrimaryGPU\" \"yes\"\n   ModulePath \"/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/nvidia/xorg\"\nEndSection\n\n# 或者\n\nSection \"OutputClass\" \n    Identifier     \"nvidia\" \n    MatchDriver    \"nvidia-drm\" \n    Driver         \"nvidia\" \n    Option         \"RegistryDwords\" \"EnableBrightnessControl=1;PrimaryGPU=1\" \n    Option         \"Backlight\" \"nvidia_0\" \n    ModulePath     \"/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/nvidia/xorg\" \nEndSection\n",[76,2481,2482,2490,2498,2506,2513,2521,2531,2539,2544,2548,2553,2557,2567,2577,2587,2597,2610,2623,2634],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2483,2484,2487],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2485,2486],{"class":85},"Section",[79,2488,2489],{"class":89}," \"OutputClass\"\n",[79,2491,2492,2495],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,2493,2494],{"class":85},"   Identifier",[79,2496,2497],{"class":89}," \"nvidia\"\n",[79,2499,2500,2503],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,2501,2502],{"class":85},"   MatchDriver",[79,2504,2505],{"class":89}," \"nvidia-drm\"\n",[79,2507,2508,2511],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,2509,2510],{"class":85},"   Driver",[79,2512,2497],{"class":89},[79,2514,2515,2518],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,2516,2517],{"class":85},"   Option",[79,2519,2520],{"class":89}," \"AllowEmptyInitialConfiguration\"\n",[79,2522,2523,2525,2528],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,2524,2517],{"class":85},[79,2526,2527],{"class":89}," \"PrimaryGPU\"",[79,2529,2530],{"class":89}," \"yes\"\n",[79,2532,2533,2536],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,2534,2535],{"class":85},"   ModulePath",[79,2537,2538],{"class":89}," \"/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/nvidia/xorg\"\n",[79,2540,2541],{"class":81,"line":580},[79,2542,2543],{"class":85},"EndSection\n",[79,2545,2546],{"class":81,"line":591},[79,2547,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,2549,2550],{"class":81,"line":600},[79,2551,2552],{"class":495},"# 或者\n",[79,2554,2555],{"class":81,"line":612},[79,2556,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,2558,2559,2561,2564],{"class":81,"line":618},[79,2560,2486],{"class":85},[79,2562,2563],{"class":89}," \"OutputClass\"",[79,2565,2566],{"class":1546}," \n",[79,2568,2569,2572,2575],{"class":81,"line":623},[79,2570,2571],{"class":85},"    Identifier",[79,2573,2574],{"class":89},"     \"nvidia\"",[79,2576,2566],{"class":1546},[79,2578,2579,2582,2585],{"class":81,"line":629},[79,2580,2581],{"class":85},"    MatchDriver",[79,2583,2584],{"class":89},"    \"nvidia-drm\"",[79,2586,2566],{"class":1546},[79,2588,2589,2592,2595],{"class":81,"line":639},[79,2590,2591],{"class":85},"    Driver",[79,2593,2594],{"class":89},"         \"nvidia\"",[79,2596,2566],{"class":1546},[79,2598,2599,2602,2605,2608],{"class":81,"line":645},[79,2600,2601],{"class":85},"    Option",[79,2603,2604],{"class":89},"         \"RegistryDwords\"",[79,2606,2607],{"class":89}," \"EnableBrightnessControl=1;PrimaryGPU=1\"",[79,2609,2566],{"class":1546},[79,2611,2613,2615,2618,2621],{"class":81,"line":2612},17,[79,2614,2601],{"class":85},[79,2616,2617],{"class":89},"         \"Backlight\"",[79,2619,2620],{"class":89}," \"nvidia_0\"",[79,2622,2566],{"class":1546},[79,2624,2626,2629,2632],{"class":81,"line":2625},18,[79,2627,2628],{"class":85},"    ModulePath",[79,2630,2631],{"class":89},"     \"/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/nvidia/xorg\"",[79,2633,2566],{"class":1546},[79,2635,2637],{"class":81,"line":2636},19,[79,2638,2543],{"class":85},[15,2640,2641],{},"Reconfigure grub",[69,2643,2645],{"className":71,"code":2644,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sudo vim /etc/default/grub\n",[76,2646,2647],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2648,2649,2651,2653],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2650,143],{"class":85},[79,2652,170],{"class":89},[79,2654,2655],{"class":89}," /etc/default/grub\n",[15,2657,2658],{},"Add the following parameters to the grub parameters. Note that these should be added, not replaced — the original parameters must be retained.",[69,2660,2662],{"className":71,"code":2661,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=\"nvidia.NVreg_EnableBacklightControl=1 acpi_backlight=native video.use_native_backlight=0\"\n",[76,2663,2664],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2665,2666,2669,2671],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2667,2668],{"class":1546},"GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT",[79,2670,1550],{"class":93},[79,2672,2673],{"class":89},"\"nvidia.NVreg_EnableBacklightControl=1 acpi_backlight=native video.use_native_backlight=0\"\n",[15,2675,2676],{},[104,2677],{"alt":74,"src":2678},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image242.webp",[69,2680,2682],{"className":71,"code":2681,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# debian系选这个（Ubuntu等）\nsudo update-initramfs -u\n#或\nsudo update-grub\n\n# 红帽系选这个（Fedora，Rocky等）\nsudo dracut --force\n\nsudo reboot\n",[76,2683,2684,2688,2692,2700,2705,2712,2716,2720,2728,2732],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2685,2686],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2687,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,2689,2690],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,2691,2376],{"class":495},[79,2693,2694,2696,2698],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,2695,143],{"class":85},[79,2697,2383],{"class":89},[79,2699,2386],{"class":281},[79,2701,2702],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,2703,2704],{"class":495},"#或\n",[79,2706,2707,2709],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,2708,143],{"class":85},[79,2710,2711],{"class":89}," update-grub\n",[79,2713,2714],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,2715,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,2717,2718],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,2719,2395],{"class":495},[79,2721,2722,2724,2726],{"class":81,"line":580},[79,2723,143],{"class":85},[79,2725,2402],{"class":89},[79,2727,2405],{"class":281},[79,2729,2730],{"class":81,"line":591},[79,2731,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,2733,2734,2736],{"class":81,"line":600},[79,2735,143],{"class":85},[79,2737,2738],{"class":89}," reboot\n",[15,2740,2741],{},"Just restart.",[1292,2743,2744],{"start":165},[1295,2745,2746],{},"An error occurred while installing the NVIDIA graphics driver.",[69,2748,2750],{"className":1639,"code":2749,"language":1641,"meta":1642,"style":74},"Unable to find the kernel source tree for the currently running kernel.  Please make sure you have installed the kernel source files for your kernel and that they are properly configured; on Red Hat Linux systems, for example, be sure you have the 'kernel-source' or 'kernel-devel' RPM installed.If you know the correct kernel source files are installed, you may specify the kernel source path with the '--kernel-source-path' command line option.\n",[76,2751,2752],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2753,2754],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2755,2749],{},[1292,2757,2758],{},[1295,2759,2760],{},"Check the currently running kernel version:",[15,2762,2763],{},"Run the following command to check which kernel version you are currently using:",[69,2765,2767],{"className":71,"code":2766,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"uname -r\n",[76,2768,2769],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2770,2771,2774],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2772,2773],{"class":85},"uname",[79,2775,2776],{"class":281}," -r\n",[1292,2778,2779],{"start":152},[1295,2780,2781],{},"Install kernel development files:",[15,2783,2784,2785,2788],{},"Make sure you have installed the ",[76,2786,2787],{},"kernel-devel"," package that matches the current kernel version. Run the following command to install it:",[69,2790,2792],{"className":71,"code":2791,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sudo dnf install kernel-devel-$(uname -r)\n",[76,2793,2794],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2795,2796,2798,2800,2802,2805,2807,2809,2811],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2797,143],{"class":85},[79,2799,1435],{"class":89},[79,2801,159],{"class":89},[79,2803,2804],{"class":89}," kernel-devel-",[79,2806,1969],{"class":1546},[79,2808,2773],{"class":85},[79,2810,1621],{"class":281},[79,2812,2813],{"class":1546},")\n",[15,2815,2816],{},"This will automatically install the kernel development package that matches your current kernel version.",[1292,2818,2819],{"start":165},[1295,2820,2821],{},"Install kernel source code (optional):",[15,2823,2824],{},"If you need to access the complete kernel source code, you can run the following command to install it:",[69,2826,2828],{"className":71,"code":2827,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sudo dnf install kernel-headers kernel-source\n",[76,2829,2830],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2831,2832,2834,2836,2838,2841],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2833,143],{"class":85},[79,2835,1435],{"class":89},[79,2837,159],{"class":89},[79,2839,2840],{"class":89}," kernel-headers",[79,2842,2843],{"class":89}," kernel-source\n",[1292,2845,2846],{"start":287},[1295,2847,2848],{},"Check the installation.",[15,2850,2851,2852,2855],{},"After installation, confirm that the path is correct. The kernel source files are typically located in the ",[76,2853,2854],{},"/usr/src/kernels/"," directory. You can use the following command to check if the directory exists:",[69,2857,2859],{"className":71,"code":2858,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"ls /usr/src/kernels/\n",[76,2860,2861],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2862,2863,2866],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2864,2865],{"class":85},"ls",[79,2867,2868],{"class":89}," /usr/src/kernels/\n",[15,2870,2871,2872,2875],{},"If you still encounter issues, you can manually specify the kernel source file path using the ",[76,2873,2874],{},"--kernel-source-path"," option.",[127,2877,2879],{"id":2878},"installation-method-recommendation","Installation Method Recommendation",[15,2881,2882],{},"Below are three methods for installing the driver, all covered in the tutorial: the general method, the APT method, and the DNF method.",[15,2884,2885,2886,2889],{},"Beginners are advised to install ",[434,2887,2888],{},"NVIDIA drivers"," using APT (on Ubuntu or Debian) or DNF (on Fedora or Rocky Linux), then install CUDA using the general method, and continue to install cuDNN using APT or DNF.",[15,2891,2892],{},[434,2893,2894],{},"(If you are a beginner, strictly follow the installation method recommended in the table below—don't try to improvise.)",[2896,2897,2898,2909],"table",{},[2899,2900,2901],"thead",{},[2902,2903,2904],"tr",{},[2905,2906,2908],"th",{"align":2907},"left","The recommended method for each distribution",[2910,2911,2912,2917,2922,2927],"tbody",{},[2902,2913,2914],{},[2915,2916],"td",{"align":2907},[2902,2918,2919],{},[2915,2920,2921],{"align":2907},"NVIDIA driver",[2902,2923,2924],{},[2915,2925,2926],{"align":2907},"CUDA",[2902,2928,2929],{},[2915,2930,2931],{"align":2907},"cuDNN",[127,2933,2935],{"id":2934},"apt-installation-method-1-suitable-for-debian-ubuntu-etc","APT installation (Method 1: Suitable for Debian, Ubuntu, etc.)",[2937,2938,2940],"h5",{"id":2939},"install-the-graphics-card-driver","Install the graphics card driver",[15,2942,2943],{},"With this method of installing the graphics driver, you won't need to reinstall the driver after future kernel updates.",[2945,2946,2948],"h6",{"id":2947},"ubuntu","Ubuntu",[69,2950,2952],{"className":71,"code":2951,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 安装英伟达驱动\nsudo apt install nvidia-driver-版本号\n\n# 重启 (必须重启)\nsudo shutdown -r now\n\n# 检查驱动是否安装成功\nnvidia-smi\n",[76,2953,2954,2958,2963,2974,2978,2983,2993,2997,3002],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,2955,2956],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,2957,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,2959,2960],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,2961,2962],{"class":495},"# 安装英伟达驱动\n",[79,2964,2965,2967,2969,2971],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,2966,143],{"class":85},[79,2968,146],{"class":89},[79,2970,159],{"class":89},[79,2972,2973],{"class":89}," nvidia-driver-版本号\n",[79,2975,2976],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,2977,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,2979,2980],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,2981,2982],{"class":495},"# 重启 (必须重启)\n",[79,2984,2985,2987,2989,2991],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,2986,143],{"class":85},[79,2988,1618],{"class":89},[79,2990,1621],{"class":281},[79,2992,1624],{"class":89},[79,2994,2995],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,2996,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,2998,2999],{"class":81,"line":580},[79,3000,3001],{"class":495},"# 检查驱动是否安装成功\n",[79,3003,3004],{"class":81,"line":591},[79,3005,3006],{"class":85},"nvidia-smi\n",[2945,3008,3010],{"id":3009},"debian","Debian",[69,3012,3014],{"className":71,"code":3013,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 安装内核头文件和编译工具\nsudo apt install -y linux-headers-amd64 build-essential\n\n# 安装英伟达驱动\nsudo apt install nvidia-driver\n\n# 重启\nsudo shutdown -r now\n\n# 检查驱动是否安装成功\nnvidia-smi\n",[76,3015,3016,3020,3025,3042,3046,3050,3061,3065,3069,3079,3083,3087],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,3017,3018],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,3019,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3021,3022],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,3023,3024],{"class":495},"# 安装内核头文件和编译工具\n",[79,3026,3027,3029,3031,3033,3036,3039],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,3028,143],{"class":85},[79,3030,146],{"class":89},[79,3032,159],{"class":89},[79,3034,3035],{"class":281}," -y",[79,3037,3038],{"class":89}," linux-headers-amd64",[79,3040,3041],{"class":89}," build-essential\n",[79,3043,3044],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,3045,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3047,3048],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,3049,2962],{"class":495},[79,3051,3052,3054,3056,3058],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,3053,143],{"class":85},[79,3055,146],{"class":89},[79,3057,159],{"class":89},[79,3059,3060],{"class":89}," nvidia-driver\n",[79,3062,3063],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,3064,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3066,3067],{"class":81,"line":580},[79,3068,2419],{"class":495},[79,3070,3071,3073,3075,3077],{"class":81,"line":591},[79,3072,143],{"class":85},[79,3074,1618],{"class":89},[79,3076,1621],{"class":281},[79,3078,1624],{"class":89},[79,3080,3081],{"class":81,"line":600},[79,3082,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3084,3085],{"class":81,"line":612},[79,3086,3001],{"class":495},[79,3088,3089],{"class":81,"line":618},[79,3090,3006],{"class":85},[2937,3092,3094],{"id":3093},"install-cuda","Install CUDA",[15,3096,3097],{},"(Please use Method 1: General Approach)",[2937,3099,3101],{"id":3100},"install-cudnn","Install cuDNN",[15,3103,3104],{},"Choose CuDNN v9 (the installation process for this version is similar to CUDA, and you can follow the official tutorial to install it).",[15,3106,3107],{},[19,3108,3109],{"href":3109,"rel":3110},"https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn-archive",[23],[127,3112,3114],{"id":3113},"dnf-installation-method-2-suitable-for-fedora-rocky-etc","DNF Installation (Method 2: Suitable for Fedora, Rocky, etc.)",[2937,3116,2940],{"id":3117},"install-the-graphics-card-driver-1",[15,3119,3120],{},"If we install the graphics driver using the general method, we'll find that the driver drops every time Fedora updates the kernel. How do we solve this? Please install the graphics driver using DNF.",[15,3122,3123,3124,3127],{},"With this method of installing the graphics driver, you won't need to reinstall the driver after future kernel updates. (After installing a new kernel, the ",[76,3125,3126],{},"akmod"," build process is automatically triggered upon reboot. At that point, the system generates NVIDIA driver modules that match the new kernel.)",[15,3129,3130,3131,3134],{},"Note: Before installing the driver, make sure you haven't installed a driver using methods like .run. You can check with the ",[76,3132,3133],{},"nvidia-smi"," command. If it indicates no driver is installed, you're good to go. If it shows a driver is already installed, please uninstall it first (the uninstall tutorial should be above) or wait for the next kernel update (a kernel update will remove drivers installed via .run).",[2945,3136,1938],{"id":3137},"fedora",[69,3139,3141],{"className":71,"code":3140,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 启用 RPM Fusion 仓库（北京外国语源）\nsudo dnf install --nogpgcheck https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/rpmfusion/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/rpmfusion/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm\n\n# 安装驱动和内核工具\nsudo dnf install akmod-nvidia  # 自动适配内核的驱动（重点）\nsudo dnf install xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-cuda  # 包含 CUDA 支持\n\n# 重启并验证(这种方式必须重启)\nsudo reboot\nnvidia-smi  # 检查驱动版本（如 570.86.16）\n",[76,3142,3143,3147,3152,3190,3194,3199,3213,3227,3231,3236,3242],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,3144,3145],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,3146,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3148,3149],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,3150,3151],{"class":495},"# 启用 RPM Fusion 仓库（北京外国语源）\n",[79,3153,3154,3156,3158,3160,3162,3164,3166,3168,3170,3172,3174,3176,3178,3180,3182,3184,3186,3188],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,3155,143],{"class":85},[79,3157,1435],{"class":89},[79,3159,159],{"class":89},[79,3161,1963],{"class":281},[79,3163,1966],{"class":89},[79,3165,1969],{"class":1546},[79,3167,1883],{"class":85},[79,3169,1974],{"class":281},[79,3171,1977],{"class":89},[79,3173,1980],{"class":1546},[79,3175,1983],{"class":89},[79,3177,1986],{"class":89},[79,3179,1969],{"class":1546},[79,3181,1883],{"class":85},[79,3183,1974],{"class":281},[79,3185,1977],{"class":89},[79,3187,1980],{"class":1546},[79,3189,1999],{"class":89},[79,3191,3192],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,3193,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3195,3196],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,3197,3198],{"class":495},"# 安装驱动和内核工具\n",[79,3200,3201,3203,3205,3207,3210],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,3202,143],{"class":85},[79,3204,1435],{"class":89},[79,3206,159],{"class":89},[79,3208,3209],{"class":89}," akmod-nvidia",[79,3211,3212],{"class":495},"  # 自动适配内核的驱动（重点）\n",[79,3214,3215,3217,3219,3221,3224],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,3216,143],{"class":85},[79,3218,1435],{"class":89},[79,3220,159],{"class":89},[79,3222,3223],{"class":89}," xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-cuda",[79,3225,3226],{"class":495},"  # 包含 CUDA 支持\n",[79,3228,3229],{"class":81,"line":580},[79,3230,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3232,3233],{"class":81,"line":591},[79,3234,3235],{"class":495},"# 重启并验证(这种方式必须重启)\n",[79,3237,3238,3240],{"class":81,"line":600},[79,3239,143],{"class":85},[79,3241,2738],{"class":89},[79,3243,3244,3246],{"class":81,"line":612},[79,3245,3133],{"class":85},[79,3247,3248],{"class":495},"  # 检查驱动版本（如 570.86.16）\n",[2937,3250,3094],{"id":3251},"install-cuda-1",[15,3253,3254],{},"After installing the graphics driver via dnf, you can also use the general method to install CUDA. This approach is also very convenient (CUDA will not be lost after a kernel update).",[15,3256,3257],{},"You can also use the following dnf method to install CUDA.",[15,3259,3260],{},"(This tutorial uses Fedora 41 and RTX 3060 Laptop as an example) (Rocky and RHEL are similar).",[15,3262,3263],{},[104,3264],{"alt":74,"src":3265},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image243.webp",[1292,3267,3268],{},[1295,3269,3270],{},"First, check the highest CUDA version supported by the graphics card driver.",[69,3272,3273],{"className":71,"code":3006,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},[76,3274,3275],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,3276,3277],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,3278,3006],{"class":85},[15,3280,3281],{},"On the left is the NVIDIA driver version, and on the right is the highest supported CUDA version. Note that this is the maximum version — any CUDA version lower than this can be installed. (There's no need to chase the latest; stability is what matters, though all versions are quite stable.)",[15,3283,3284],{},[104,3285],{"alt":74,"src":3286},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image244.webp",[1292,3288,3289],{"start":152},[1295,3290,3291],{},"Download CUDA and install CUDA",[15,3293,3294],{},[19,3295,3296],{"href":3296,"rel":3297},"https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit-archive",[23],[15,3299,3300],{},"Select a version, using CUDA 12.4 as an example (the green boxes indicate versions installable on this computer, while the red box indicates versions that are not).",[15,3302,3303],{},[104,3304],{"alt":74,"src":3305},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image245.webp",[15,3307,3308,3309,3313],{},"I have an Intel CPU (X86_64 architecture, also called amd64), so I choose X86_64. (Both AMD and Intel are X86. If you're unsure, see the ",[19,3310,24],{"href":3311,"rel":3312},"https://sdutvincirobot.feishu.cn/wiki/PqsGwcPCuidbN6k13jfcGWtWn0b",[23],".)",[15,3315,3316],{},"I'm using Fedora 41, so I selected Fedora 41 (if you're using RockyLinux, select RockyLinux) as shown below:",[15,3318,3319],{},[19,3320,3296],{"href":3296,"rel":3321},[23],[15,3323,3324],{},[104,3325],{"alt":74,"src":3326},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image246.webp",[15,3328,3329],{},[104,3330],{"alt":74,"src":3331},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image247.webp",[15,3333,3334],{},"Type it according to the corresponding section of the website, as shown in my image above:",[69,3336,3338],{"className":71,"code":3337,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/12.8.0/local_installers/cuda-repo-fedora41-12-8-local-12.8.0_570.86.10-1.x86_64.rpm\nsudo dnf install ./cuda-repo-fedora41-12-8-local-12.8.0_570.86.10-1.x86_64.rpm\nsudo dnf clean all\nsudo dnf -y install cuda-toolkit-12-8\n",[76,3339,3340,3348,3359,3369],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,3341,3342,3345],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,3343,3344],{"class":85},"wget",[79,3346,3347],{"class":89}," https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/12.8.0/local_installers/cuda-repo-fedora41-12-8-local-12.8.0_570.86.10-1.x86_64.rpm\n",[79,3349,3350,3352,3354,3356],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,3351,143],{"class":85},[79,3353,1435],{"class":89},[79,3355,159],{"class":89},[79,3357,3358],{"class":89}," ./cuda-repo-fedora41-12-8-local-12.8.0_570.86.10-1.x86_64.rpm\n",[79,3360,3361,3363,3365,3367],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,3362,143],{"class":85},[79,3364,1435],{"class":89},[79,3366,2170],{"class":89},[79,3368,2173],{"class":89},[79,3370,3371,3373,3375,3377,3379],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,3372,143],{"class":85},[79,3374,1435],{"class":89},[79,3376,3035],{"class":281},[79,3378,159],{"class":89},[79,3380,3381],{"class":89}," cuda-toolkit-12-8\n",[15,3383,3384],{},"Perform environment configuration:",[69,3386,3388],{"className":71,"code":3387,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"sudo vim ~/.bashrc\n",[76,3389,3390],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,3391,3392,3394,3396],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,3393,143],{"class":85},[79,3395,170],{"class":89},[79,3397,3398],{"class":89}," ~/.bashrc\n",[15,3400,3401,3402,3405],{},"Copy the following line into the ",[76,3403,3404],{},"~/.bashrc"," file and save it. If you don't know how to use the vim editor, please search online.",[69,3407,3409],{"className":71,"code":3408,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-12.4/bin:$PATH\nexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-12.4/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH\n",[76,3410,3411,3423],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,3412,3413,3415,3418,3420],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,3414,1543],{"class":93},[79,3416,3417],{"class":1546}," PATH",[79,3419,1550],{"class":93},[79,3421,3422],{"class":1546},"/usr/local/cuda-12.4/bin:$PATH\n",[79,3424,3425,3427,3430,3432],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,3426,1543],{"class":93},[79,3428,3429],{"class":1546}," LD_LIBRARY_PATH",[79,3431,1550],{"class":93},[79,3433,3434],{"class":1546},"/usr/local/cuda-12.4/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH\n",[15,3436,3437],{},"Or (the one below is recommended)",[69,3439,3441],{"className":71,"code":3440,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"export PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH\nexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH\n",[76,3442,3443,3454],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,3444,3445,3447,3449,3451],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,3446,1543],{"class":93},[79,3448,3417],{"class":1546},[79,3450,1550],{"class":93},[79,3452,3453],{"class":1546},"/usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH\n",[79,3455,3456,3458,3460,3462],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,3457,1543],{"class":93},[79,3459,3429],{"class":1546},[79,3461,1550],{"class":93},[79,3463,3464],{"class":1546},"/usr/local/cuda/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH\n",[15,3466,3467],{},[104,3468],{"alt":74,"src":3469},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image248.webp",[69,3471,3473],{"className":71,"code":3472,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 刷新当前终端的环境变量\nsource ~/.bashrc\n\n# 验证CUDA是否安装成功\nnvcc -V\n",[76,3474,3475,3479,3484,3491,3495,3500],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,3476,3477],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,3478,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3480,3481],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,3482,3483],{"class":495},"# 刷新当前终端的环境变量\n",[79,3485,3486,3489],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,3487,3488],{"class":281},"source",[79,3490,3398],{"class":89},[79,3492,3493],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,3494,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3496,3497],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,3498,3499],{"class":495},"# 验证CUDA是否安装成功\n",[79,3501,3502,3505],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,3503,3504],{"class":85},"nvcc",[79,3506,3507],{"class":281}," -V\n",[15,3509,3510],{},"If the image below appears, the installation was successful.",[15,3512,3513],{},[104,3514],{"alt":74,"src":3515},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image249.webp",[2937,3517,3101],{"id":3518},"install-cudnn-1",[15,3520,3104],{},[15,3522,3523],{},[19,3524,3109],{"href":3109,"rel":3525},[23],[127,3527,3529],{"id":3528},"common-method-method-3-script-or-archive-method","Common Method (Method 3: Script or Archive Method)",[15,3531,3532,3533,3536],{},"If you encounter any issues, please refer to the ",[434,3534,3535],{},"FAQ"," section to see if there is a corresponding solution. (The FAQ for Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, and Rocky should be comprehensive.)",[2937,3538,2940],{"id":3539},"install-the-graphics-card-driver-2",[15,3541,3542,3543,3546],{},"To install using this method, you first need to disable nouveau. Please scroll down and find the section ",[434,3544,3545],{},"Frequently Asked Questions (one or two sections above)"," to disable nouveau.",[15,3548,3549],{},"First, download the Nvidia driver with the .run extension.",[15,3551,3552],{},[19,3553,3554],{"href":3554,"rel":3555},"https://www.nvidia.cn/drivers/lookup/",[23],[15,3557,3558],{},[104,3559],{"alt":74,"src":3560},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image250.webp",[15,3562,3563],{},[104,3564],{"alt":74,"src":3565},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image251.webp",[15,3567,3568,3569],{},"Use the following command to stop the visual desktop environment (you can also use Ctrl+Alt+F*). ",[3570,3571,3572],"em",{},[434,3573,3574],{},"You may also skip disabling the desktop environment and proceed directly to the next step.",[69,3576,3578],{"className":71,"code":3577,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 通用的命令（sudo telinit 5是打开图形界面）\nsudo telinit 3\n\n# ubuntu 使用下方命令\nsudo service lightdm stop\n\n# Fedora 使用下方命令\nsudo systemctl isolate multi-user.target\n",[76,3579,3580,3584,3589,3599,3603,3608,3621,3625,3630],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,3581,3582],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,3583,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3585,3586],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,3587,3588],{"class":495},"# 通用的命令（sudo telinit 5是打开图形界面）\n",[79,3590,3591,3593,3596],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,3592,143],{"class":85},[79,3594,3595],{"class":89}," telinit",[79,3597,3598],{"class":281}," 3\n",[79,3600,3601],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,3602,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3604,3605],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,3606,3607],{"class":495},"# ubuntu 使用下方命令\n",[79,3609,3610,3612,3615,3618],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,3611,143],{"class":85},[79,3613,3614],{"class":89}," service",[79,3616,3617],{"class":89}," lightdm",[79,3619,3620],{"class":89}," stop\n",[79,3622,3623],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,3624,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3626,3627],{"class":81,"line":580},[79,3628,3629],{"class":495},"# Fedora 使用下方命令\n",[79,3631,3632,3634,3636,3639],{"class":81,"line":591},[79,3633,143],{"class":85},[79,3635,674],{"class":89},[79,3637,3638],{"class":89}," isolate",[79,3640,3641],{"class":89}," multi-user.target\n",[15,3643,3644],{},"Afterwards, a new command line session will start, logging in with the current username and password. (Do not use the root user)",[69,3646,3648],{"className":71,"code":3647,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 编译环境+准备工作\nsudo apt install build-essential\n\n# 进入到.run目录中\ncd /home/tungchiahui/Downloads/\n\n# 给驱动文件增加可执行权限：\nsudo chmod a+x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.107.02.run\n\n# 然后执行安装：\nsudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.107.02.run\n\n# 如果有异常则：(一般不用下方这条，会导致OPENGL没法被安装，这样ROS有些功能无法使用)\nsudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.107.02.run  --no-opengl-files\n",[76,3649,3650,3654,3659,3669,3673,3678,3685,3689,3694,3707,3711,3716,3723,3727,3732],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,3651,3652],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,3653,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3655,3656],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,3657,3658],{"class":495},"# 编译环境+准备工作\n",[79,3660,3661,3663,3665,3667],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,3662,143],{"class":85},[79,3664,146],{"class":89},[79,3666,159],{"class":89},[79,3668,3041],{"class":89},[79,3670,3671],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,3672,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3674,3675],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,3676,3677],{"class":495},"# 进入到.run目录中\n",[79,3679,3680,3682],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,3681,501],{"class":281},[79,3683,3684],{"class":89}," /home/tungchiahui/Downloads/\n",[79,3686,3687],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,3688,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3690,3691],{"class":81,"line":580},[79,3692,3693],{"class":495},"# 给驱动文件增加可执行权限：\n",[79,3695,3696,3698,3701,3704],{"class":81,"line":591},[79,3697,143],{"class":85},[79,3699,3700],{"class":89}," chmod",[79,3702,3703],{"class":89}," a+x",[79,3705,3706],{"class":89}," NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.107.02.run\n",[79,3708,3709],{"class":81,"line":600},[79,3710,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3712,3713],{"class":81,"line":612},[79,3714,3715],{"class":495},"# 然后执行安装：\n",[79,3717,3718,3720],{"class":81,"line":618},[79,3719,143],{"class":85},[79,3721,3722],{"class":89}," ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.107.02.run\n",[79,3724,3725],{"class":81,"line":623},[79,3726,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3728,3729],{"class":81,"line":629},[79,3730,3731],{"class":495},"# 如果有异常则：(一般不用下方这条，会导致OPENGL没法被安装，这样ROS有些功能无法使用)\n",[79,3733,3734,3736,3739],{"class":81,"line":639},[79,3735,143],{"class":85},[79,3737,3738],{"class":89}," ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.107.02.run",[79,3740,3741],{"class":281},"  --no-opengl-files\n",[15,3743,3744],{},"After installation, restart to finish.",[69,3746,3748],{"className":71,"code":3747,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 重启 \nsudo reboot\n\n# 检查驱动是否安装成功\nnvidia-smi\n",[76,3749,3750,3754,3759,3765,3769,3773],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,3751,3752],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,3753,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3755,3756],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,3757,3758],{"class":495},"# 重启 \n",[79,3760,3761,3763],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,3762,143],{"class":85},[79,3764,2738],{"class":89},[79,3766,3767],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,3768,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3770,3771],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,3772,3001],{"class":495},[79,3774,3775],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,3776,3006],{"class":85},[2937,3778,3094],{"id":3779},"install-cuda-2",[15,3781,3782],{},"(This tutorial uses Debian 12 Bookworm and RTX3060 Laptop as an example) (Ubuntu and Fedora are similar)",[15,3784,3785],{},[104,3786],{"alt":74,"src":3787},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image252.webp",[1292,3789,3790],{},[1295,3791,3270],{},[69,3793,3794],{"className":71,"code":3006,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},[76,3795,3796],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,3797,3798],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,3799,3006],{"class":85},[15,3801,3281],{},[15,3803,3804],{},[104,3805],{"alt":74,"src":3806},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image253.webp",[1292,3808,3809],{"start":152},[1295,3810,3291],{},[15,3812,3813],{},[19,3814,3296],{"href":3296,"rel":3815},[23],[15,3817,3300],{},[15,3819,3820],{},[104,3821],{"alt":74,"src":3822},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image254.webp",[15,3824,3308,3825,3313],{},[19,3826,24],{"href":3311,"rel":3827},[23],[15,3829,3830],{},"I'm using Debian 12, so I selected Debian 12 (if you're using Ubuntu, select Ubuntu). As shown in the image below, it's recommended to choose the runfile for installation.",[15,3832,3833],{},[104,3834],{"alt":74,"src":3835},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image255.webp",[15,3837,3838],{},"Type the command in the box below into the terminal.",[69,3840,3842],{"className":71,"code":3841,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 在当前文件夹下创建一个ttt的子文件夹\nmkdir -p ./ttt\n\n# 进入ttt文件夹\ncd ttt\n\n# 输入复制的第一条命令（用来下载cuda的runfile文件）\nwget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/12.4.0/local_installers/cuda_12.4.0_550.54.14_linux.run\n\n# 给予权限\nsudo chmod a+x ./cuda_12.4.0_550.54.14_linux.run\n\n# 运行脚本\nsudo ./cuda_12.4.0_550.54.14_linux.run\n",[76,3843,3844,3848,3853,3864,3868,3873,3880,3884,3889,3896,3900,3905,3916,3920,3925],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,3845,3846],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,3847,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3849,3850],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,3851,3852],{"class":495},"# 在当前文件夹下创建一个ttt的子文件夹\n",[79,3854,3855,3858,3861],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,3856,3857],{"class":85},"mkdir",[79,3859,3860],{"class":281}," -p",[79,3862,3863],{"class":89}," ./ttt\n",[79,3865,3866],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,3867,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3869,3870],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,3871,3872],{"class":495},"# 进入ttt文件夹\n",[79,3874,3875,3877],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,3876,501],{"class":281},[79,3878,3879],{"class":89}," ttt\n",[79,3881,3882],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,3883,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3885,3886],{"class":81,"line":580},[79,3887,3888],{"class":495},"# 输入复制的第一条命令（用来下载cuda的runfile文件）\n",[79,3890,3891,3893],{"class":81,"line":591},[79,3892,3344],{"class":85},[79,3894,3895],{"class":89}," https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/12.4.0/local_installers/cuda_12.4.0_550.54.14_linux.run\n",[79,3897,3898],{"class":81,"line":600},[79,3899,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3901,3902],{"class":81,"line":612},[79,3903,3904],{"class":495},"# 给予权限\n",[79,3906,3907,3909,3911,3913],{"class":81,"line":618},[79,3908,143],{"class":85},[79,3910,3700],{"class":89},[79,3912,3703],{"class":89},[79,3914,3915],{"class":89}," ./cuda_12.4.0_550.54.14_linux.run\n",[79,3917,3918],{"class":81,"line":623},[79,3919,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,3921,3922],{"class":81,"line":629},[79,3923,3924],{"class":495},"# 运行脚本\n",[79,3926,3927,3929],{"class":81,"line":639},[79,3928,143],{"class":85},[79,3930,3915],{"class":89},[15,3932,3933],{},[104,3934],{"alt":74,"src":3935},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image256.webp",[15,3937,3938],{},"Loading...",[15,3940,3941],{},[104,3942],{"alt":74,"src":3943},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image257.webp",[15,3945,3946],{},"accept and proceed",[15,3948,3949],{},[104,3950],{"alt":74,"src":3951},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image258.webp",[15,3953,3954,3955,3958],{},"Since we have already installed the driver, remove that option and just click Install. (",[434,3956,3957],{},"Be sure not to select the driver installation"," — beginners should avoid unnecessary trouble.)",[15,3960,3961],{},[104,3962],{"alt":74,"src":3963},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image259.webp",[15,3965,3966],{},"After waiting a moment, if no red text appears, the installation is generally successful. You can read the English text to confirm (and also verify the location).",[15,3968,3969],{},[104,3970],{"alt":74,"src":3971},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image260.webp",[1292,3973,3974],{"start":165},[1295,3975,3976],{},"Set up the environment",[15,3978,3979],{},"Please confirm the path based on the above, such as the one I highlighted in red above.",[15,3981,3982,437,3985,437,3988],{},[76,3983,3984],{},"Please make sure that",[76,3986,3987],{},"- PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-12.4/bin",[76,3989,3990],{},"- LD_LIBRARY_PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-12.4/lib64, or, add /usr/local/cuda-12.4/lib64 to /etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig as root",[15,3992,3993],{},"If you forgot to check earlier, you can also use the following command to view the path:",[69,3995,3997],{"className":71,"code":3996,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"which nvcc\n",[76,3998,3999],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,4000,4001,4004],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,4002,4003],{"class":281},"which",[79,4005,4006],{"class":89}," nvcc\n",[15,4008,4009],{},[104,4010],{"alt":74,"src":4011},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image261.webp",[15,4013,4014],{},"So I performed the following operations:",[69,4016,4017],{"className":71,"code":3387,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},[76,4018,4019],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,4020,4021,4023,4025],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,4022,143],{"class":85},[79,4024,170],{"class":89},[79,4026,3398],{"class":89},[15,4028,3401,4029,3405],{},[76,4030,3404],{},[69,4032,4033],{"className":71,"code":3408,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},[76,4034,4035,4045],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,4036,4037,4039,4041,4043],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,4038,1543],{"class":93},[79,4040,3417],{"class":1546},[79,4042,1550],{"class":93},[79,4044,3422],{"class":1546},[79,4046,4047,4049,4051,4053],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,4048,1543],{"class":93},[79,4050,3429],{"class":1546},[79,4052,1550],{"class":93},[79,4054,3434],{"class":1546},[15,4056,4057],{},"or",[69,4059,4060],{"className":71,"code":3440,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},[76,4061,4062,4072],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,4063,4064,4066,4068,4070],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,4065,1543],{"class":93},[79,4067,3417],{"class":1546},[79,4069,1550],{"class":93},[79,4071,3453],{"class":1546},[79,4073,4074,4076,4078,4080],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,4075,1543],{"class":93},[79,4077,3429],{"class":1546},[79,4079,1550],{"class":93},[79,4081,3464],{"class":1546},[15,4083,4084],{},[104,4085],{"alt":74,"src":4086},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image262.webp",[69,4088,4089],{"className":71,"code":3472,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},[76,4090,4091,4095,4099,4105,4109,4113],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,4092,4093],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,4094,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,4096,4097],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,4098,3483],{"class":495},[79,4100,4101,4103],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,4102,3488],{"class":281},[79,4104,3398],{"class":89},[79,4106,4107],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,4108,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,4110,4111],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,4112,3499],{"class":495},[79,4114,4115,4117],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,4116,3504],{"class":85},[79,4118,3507],{"class":281},[15,4120,3510],{},[15,4122,4123],{},[104,4124],{"alt":74,"src":4125},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image263.webp",[2937,4127,4129,4130],{"id":4128},"install-cudnn-mostly-deprecated-see-below-for-apt-and-dnf-installation-methods-for-cudnn","Install cuDNN ",[434,4131,4132],{},"(mostly deprecated, see below for apt and dnf installation methods for CuDNN)",[1292,4134,4135],{},[1295,4136,4137],{},"Select the appropriate cuDNN version for download based on the installed CUDA version. Note that registration and login are required here:",[15,4139,4140],{},[19,4141,4142],{"href":4142,"rel":4143},"https://developer.nvidia.cn/rdp/cudnn-archive#a-collapse805-111",[23],[15,4145,4146],{},"Since I am using CUDA 12.4, all versions marked with a red circle below are installable, and the newer the better. (The highest version on the website above is only v8.9.7, but there are even newer versions available — you can skip ahead to the apt and dnf installation methods below.)",[15,4148,4149],{},[104,4150],{"alt":74,"src":4151},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image264.webp",[15,4153,4154],{},"The red one is common to all X86 architecture Linux systems, so I chose the red one.",[15,4156,4157],{},[104,4158],{"alt":74,"src":4159},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image265.webp",[15,4161,4162],{},"The green one is Ubuntu for the X86 architecture. If you are using Ubuntu and your CPU is based on the X86 architecture, you can choose to download it.",[15,4164,4165],{},"The blue one is Ubuntu for the arm64 (aarch64) architecture. If you are using Ubuntu and your CPU is arm64 (aarch64), you can choose to download it.",[15,4167,4168],{},[434,4169,4170],{},"Here I choose the most universal method for all Linux X86_64:",[15,4172,4173],{},"Downloaded.",[15,4175,4176],{},[104,4177],{"alt":74,"src":4178},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image266.webp",[1292,4180,4181],{"start":152},[1295,4182,3101],{},[15,4184,4185,4186,4188],{},"Find the directory where this file is located, open a terminal, and ",[76,4187,501],{}," into that directory.",[15,4190,4191],{},[104,4192],{"alt":74,"src":4193},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image267.webp",[15,4195,4196],{},"Extract the file and copy it to the corresponding location to complete the installation.",[69,4198,4200],{"className":71,"code":4199,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 解压cuDNN文件\ntar -xvf ./cudnn-linux-x86_64-8.9.7.29_cuda12-archive.tar.xz\n\n# cd进文件夹\ncd ./cudnn-linux-x86_64-8.9.7.29_cuda12-archive\n\n# 复制cuDNN文件到CUDA目录\nsudo cp include/cudnn*    /usr/local/cuda/include\nsudo cp lib/libcudnn*    /usr/local/cuda/lib64\n\n# 对比一下有没有缺文件\nls /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn*\nls /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcudnn*\n\n# 给予权限\nsudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn*\nsudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcudnn*\n",[76,4201,4202,4206,4211,4222,4226,4231,4238,4242,4247,4262,4276,4280,4285,4294,4303,4307,4311,4324],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,4203,4204],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,4205,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,4207,4208],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,4209,4210],{"class":495},"# 解压cuDNN文件\n",[79,4212,4213,4216,4219],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,4214,4215],{"class":85},"tar",[79,4217,4218],{"class":281}," -xvf",[79,4220,4221],{"class":89}," ./cudnn-linux-x86_64-8.9.7.29_cuda12-archive.tar.xz\n",[79,4223,4224],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,4225,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,4227,4228],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,4229,4230],{"class":495},"# cd进文件夹\n",[79,4232,4233,4235],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,4234,501],{"class":281},[79,4236,4237],{"class":89}," ./cudnn-linux-x86_64-8.9.7.29_cuda12-archive\n",[79,4239,4240],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,4241,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,4243,4244],{"class":81,"line":580},[79,4245,4246],{"class":495},"# 复制cuDNN文件到CUDA目录\n",[79,4248,4249,4251,4254,4257,4259],{"class":81,"line":591},[79,4250,143],{"class":85},[79,4252,4253],{"class":89}," cp",[79,4255,4256],{"class":89}," include/cudnn",[79,4258,1326],{"class":281},[79,4260,4261],{"class":89},"    /usr/local/cuda/include\n",[79,4263,4264,4266,4268,4271,4273],{"class":81,"line":600},[79,4265,143],{"class":85},[79,4267,4253],{"class":89},[79,4269,4270],{"class":89}," lib/libcudnn",[79,4272,1326],{"class":281},[79,4274,4275],{"class":89},"    /usr/local/cuda/lib64\n",[79,4277,4278],{"class":81,"line":612},[79,4279,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,4281,4282],{"class":81,"line":618},[79,4283,4284],{"class":495},"# 对比一下有没有缺文件\n",[79,4286,4287,4289,4292],{"class":81,"line":623},[79,4288,2865],{"class":85},[79,4290,4291],{"class":89}," /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn",[79,4293,1013],{"class":281},[79,4295,4296,4298,4301],{"class":81,"line":629},[79,4297,2865],{"class":85},[79,4299,4300],{"class":89}," /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcudnn",[79,4302,1013],{"class":281},[79,4304,4305],{"class":81,"line":639},[79,4306,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,4308,4309],{"class":81,"line":645},[79,4310,3904],{"class":495},[79,4312,4313,4315,4317,4320,4322],{"class":81,"line":2612},[79,4314,143],{"class":85},[79,4316,3700],{"class":89},[79,4318,4319],{"class":89}," a+r",[79,4321,4291],{"class":89},[79,4323,1013],{"class":281},[79,4325,4326,4328,4330,4332,4334],{"class":81,"line":2625},[79,4327,143],{"class":85},[79,4329,3700],{"class":89},[79,4331,4319],{"class":89},[79,4333,4300],{"class":89},[79,4335,1013],{"class":281},[1292,4337,4338],{"start":165},[1295,4339,4340],{},"Check if the installation was successful.",[69,4342,4344],{"className":71,"code":4343,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 检查cuDNN版本命令\ncat /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn_version.h | grep CUDNN_MAJOR -A 2\n",[76,4345,4346,4350,4355],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,4347,4348],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,4349,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,4351,4352],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,4353,4354],{"class":495},"# 检查cuDNN版本命令\n",[79,4356,4357,4360,4363,4365,4367,4370,4373],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,4358,4359],{"class":85},"cat",[79,4361,4362],{"class":89}," /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn_version.h",[79,4364,94],{"class":93},[79,4366,1891],{"class":85},[79,4368,4369],{"class":89}," CUDNN_MAJOR",[79,4371,4372],{"class":281}," -A",[79,4374,4375],{"class":281}," 2\n",[15,4377,3510],{},[15,4379,4380],{},[104,4381],{"alt":74,"src":4382},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image268.webp",[1292,4384,4385],{"start":287},[1295,4386,4387],{},"soft link",[69,4389,4391],{"className":71,"code":4390,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 运行 ldconfig 以更新库缓存：（如果运行 ldconfig 后没有出现任何错误，说明配置已经完成。）\nsudo ldconfig\n",[76,4392,4393,4397,4402],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,4394,4395],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,4396,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,4398,4399],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,4400,4401],{"class":495},"# 运行 ldconfig 以更新库缓存：（如果运行 ldconfig 后没有出现任何错误，说明配置已经完成。）\n",[79,4403,4404,4406],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,4405,143],{"class":85},[79,4407,4408],{"class":89}," ldconfig\n",[15,4410,4411,4412,748],{},"If the following prompt appears, a symbolic link is required ",[434,4413,4414],{},"(if the following prompt does not appear, nothing needs to be done)",[69,4416,4418],{"className":1639,"code":4417,"language":1641,"meta":1642,"style":74},"ldconfig: /usr/local/cuda-12.4/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_cnn_train.so.8 is not a symbolic link  \nldconfig: /usr/local/cuda-12.4/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_ops_train.so.8 is not a symbolic link  \nldconfig: /usr/local/cuda-12.4/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8 is not a symbolic link  \nldconfig: /usr/local/cuda-12.4/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_adv_infer.so.8 is not a symbolic link  \nldconfig: /usr/local/cuda-12.4/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_cnn_infer.so.8 is not a symbolic link  \nldconfig: /usr/local/cuda-12.4/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn.so.8 is not a symbolic link  \nldconfig: /usr/local/cuda-12.4/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_adv_train.so.8 is not a symbolic link\n",[76,4419,4420,4425,4430,4435,4440,4445,4450],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,4421,4422],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,4423,4424],{},"ldconfig: /usr/local/cuda-12.4/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_cnn_train.so.8 is not a symbolic link  \n",[79,4426,4427],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,4428,4429],{},"ldconfig: /usr/local/cuda-12.4/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_ops_train.so.8 is not a symbolic link  \n",[79,4431,4432],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,4433,4434],{},"ldconfig: /usr/local/cuda-12.4/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8 is not a symbolic link  \n",[79,4436,4437],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,4438,4439],{},"ldconfig: /usr/local/cuda-12.4/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_adv_infer.so.8 is not a symbolic link  \n",[79,4441,4442],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,4443,4444],{},"ldconfig: /usr/local/cuda-12.4/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_cnn_infer.so.8 is not a symbolic link  \n",[79,4446,4447],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,4448,4449],{},"ldconfig: /usr/local/cuda-12.4/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn.so.8 is not a symbolic link  \n",[79,4451,4452],{"class":81,"line":574},[79,4453,4454],{},"ldconfig: /usr/local/cuda-12.4/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_adv_train.so.8 is not a symbolic link\n",[15,4456,4457],{},"Run the command below.",[69,4459,4461],{"className":71,"code":4460,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# cd进入CUDA路径\ncd /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib\n\n # 查看本路径下的需要软链接的文件名\n ls\n",[76,4462,4463,4467,4472,4479,4483,4488],{"__ignoreMap":74},[79,4464,4465],{"class":81,"line":82},[79,4466,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,4468,4469],{"class":81,"line":152},[79,4470,4471],{"class":495},"# cd进入CUDA路径\n",[79,4473,4474,4476],{"class":81,"line":165},[79,4475,501],{"class":281},[79,4477,4478],{"class":89}," /usr/local/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib\n",[79,4480,4481],{"class":81,"line":287},[79,4482,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,4484,4485],{"class":81,"line":302},[79,4486,4487],{"class":495}," # 查看本路径下的需要软链接的文件名\n",[79,4489,4490],{"class":81,"line":309},[79,4491,4492],{"class":85}," ls\n",[15,4494,4495],{},[104,4496],{"alt":74,"src":4497},"https://cdn.tungchiahui.cn/tungwebsite/assets/images/2024/03/30/image269.webp",[15,4499,4500,4501,4504,4505,4508,4509,748],{},"As shown in the image above, I need to create soft links for ",[76,4502,4503],{},"libcudnn_xxx_xxxxx.so.8.9.7",", ",[76,4506,4507],{},"libcudnn_xxx_xxxxx.so.8",", and ",[76,4510,4511],{},"libcudnn_xxx_xxxxx.so",[69,4513,4515],{"className":71,"code":4514,"language":73,"meta":74,"style":74},"\n# 创建符号链接。对于每个 .so.8 文件，需要创建一个指向该文件的符号链接，通常链接的名称是不包含 .8 的文件名。\nsudo ln -sf libcudnn_cnn_train.so.8.9.7 libcudnn_cnn_train.so.8\nsudo ln -sf libcudnn_adv_infer.so.8.9.7 libcudnn_adv_infer.so.8\nsudo ln -sf libcudnn_adv_train.so.8.9.7 libcudnn_adv_train.so.8\nsudo ln -sf libcudnn_cnn_infer.so.8.9.7 libcudnn_cnn_infer.so.8\nsudo ln -sf libcudnn.so.8.9.7 libcudnn.so.8\nsudo ln -sf libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8.9.7 libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8\nsudo ln -sf libcudnn_ops_train.so.8.9.7 libcudnn_ops_train.so.8\n\n# 运行 ldconfig 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libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8.9.7",[79,4610,4611],{"class":89}," libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8\n",[79,4613,4614,4616,4618,4620,4623],{"class":81,"line":591},[79,4615,143],{"class":85},[79,4617,4532],{"class":89},[79,4619,4535],{"class":281},[79,4621,4622],{"class":89}," libcudnn_ops_train.so.8.9.7",[79,4624,4625],{"class":89}," libcudnn_ops_train.so.8\n",[79,4627,4628],{"class":81,"line":600},[79,4629,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,4631,4632],{"class":81,"line":612},[79,4633,4634],{"class":495},"# 运行 ldconfig 以更新库缓存：（如果运行 ldconfig 后没有出现任何提示，说明配置已经完成。）\n",[79,4636,4637,4639],{"class":81,"line":618},[79,4638,143],{"class":85},[79,4640,4408],{"class":89},[79,4642,4643],{"class":81,"line":623},[79,4644,306],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":305},[79,4646,4647],{"class":81,"line":629},[79,4648,4649],{"class":495},"# 使用 ls -l 来确认符号链接是否创建成功：(再次确认链接）\n",[79,4651,4652,4654,4657,4660,4662,4665],{"class":81,"line":639},[79,4653,2865],{"class":85},[79,4655,4656],{"class":281}," -l",[79,4658,4659],{"class":89}," 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