[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2886},["ShallowReactive",2],{"wiki-page-\u002Fzh-tw\u002Fwiki\u002F2023-10-05-cplusplus-jiao-xue\u002F2000-0500-fan-wei-for-xun-huan":3,"wiki-doc-items-\u002Fzh-tw\u002Fwiki\u002F2023-10-05-cplusplus-jiao-xue\u002F2000-0500-fan-wei-for-xun-huan":2465,"language-switcher-data-\u002Fzh-tw\u002Fwiki\u002F2023-10-05-cplusplus-jiao-xue\u002F2000-0500-fan-wei-for-xun-huan":2870,"wiki-i18n-paths-\u002Fzh-tw\u002Fwiki\u002F2023-10-05-cplusplus-jiao-xue\u002F2000-0500-fan-wei-for-xun-huan":2885},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"canonicalPath":2447,"chapterDepth":83,"chapterOrder":2448,"date":2449,"description":76,"docI18nKey":2450,"docKey":2451,"docRoot":2452,"docTitle":2453,"extension":2454,"i18nKey":2455,"isBlogPost":2456,"isWikiDoc":388,"isWikiIndex":2456,"layout":2457,"legacyPath":2457,"locale":2458,"localeSlug":2459,"meta":2460,"navigation":388,"path":2447,"seo":2461,"sourcePath":2462,"sourceStem":2455,"stem":2463,"wikiDepth":83,"__hash__":2464},"content\u002F_i18n\u002Fzh-tw\u002Fwiki\u002F2023-10-05-Cplusplus教学\u002F2000-0500-范围for循环.md","範圍 for 循環",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2423},"minimark",[9,13,22,25,28,39,43,46,49,56,60,70,133,136,221,224,294,297,339,354,357,467,470,550,554,560,643,646,651,820,825,833,837,1142,1146,1152,1156,1470,1474,1480,1484,1680,1684,1690,1694,2017,2021,2027,2029,2032,2035,2166,2169,2174,2221,2224,2229,2272,2279,2284,2326,2329,2332,2376,2379,2410,2413,2419],[10,11,12],"h2",{"id":12},"本節解決什麼問題",[14,15,16,17,21],"p",{},"傳統的 ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"for"," 循環遍歷容器需要寫三要素（初始化、條件、遞增），容易出錯：下標越界、用錯邊界條件、類型不匹配等等。",[14,23,24],{},"範圍 for 循環讓你寫\"對容器中每個元素做...\"的代碼時，不再需要關心下標和迭代器細節，代碼更簡潔安全。",[10,26,27],{"id":27},"這個特性是什麼",[14,29,30,31,34,35,38],{},"範圍 for 循環（Range-based for loop）是 C++11 引入的語法糖，讓你直接遍歷容器（或任何有 ",[18,32,33],{},"begin()"," \u002F ",[18,36,37],{},"end()"," 的類型）中的每個元素，編譯器自動生成對應的迭代器代碼。",[10,40,42],{"id":41},"c-標準版本","C++ 標準版本",[14,44,45],{},"C++11（基礎），C++20 增加了初始化語句支持。",[10,47,48],{"id":48},"需要的頭文件",[14,50,51,52,55],{},"不需要額外頭文件。範圍 for 是語言特性。但需要遍歷的容器需要包含相應的頭文件（如 ",[18,53,54],{},"\u003Cvector>","）。",[10,57,59],{"id":58},"從傳統-for-到範圍-for","從傳統 for 到範圍 for",[14,61,62,63,65,66,69],{},"在學習範圍 for 之前，先回顧一下傳統 ",[18,64,20],{}," 如何遍歷 STL 容器。假設有一個 ",[18,67,68],{},"vector","：",[71,72,77],"pre",{"className":73,"code":74,"language":75,"meta":76,"style":76},"language-cpp shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","std::vector\u003Cint> v = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};\n","cpp","",[18,78,79],{"__ignoreMap":76},[80,81,84,88,92,96,99,102,105,109,112,115,117,120,122,125,127,130],"span",{"class":82,"line":83},"line",1,[80,85,87],{"class":86},"sScJk","std",[80,89,91],{"class":90},"sVt8B","::vector",[80,93,95],{"class":94},"szBVR","\u003Cint>",[80,97,98],{"class":90}," v ",[80,100,101],{"class":94},"=",[80,103,104],{"class":90}," {",[80,106,108],{"class":107},"sj4cs","10",[80,110,111],{"class":90},", ",[80,113,114],{"class":107},"20",[80,116,111],{"class":90},[80,118,119],{"class":107},"30",[80,121,111],{"class":90},[80,123,124],{"class":107},"40",[80,126,111],{"class":90},[80,128,129],{"class":107},"50",[80,131,132],{"class":90},"};\n",[14,134,135],{},"可以使用下標遍歷：",[71,137,139],{"className":73,"code":138,"language":75,"meta":76,"style":76},"for (std::size_t i = 0; i \u003C v.size(); ++i)\n{\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C v[i] \u003C\u003C \" \";\n}\n",[18,140,141,185,191,215],{"__ignoreMap":76},[80,142,143,145,148,150,153,156,159,161,164,167,170,173,176,179,182],{"class":82,"line":83},[80,144,20],{"class":94},[80,146,147],{"class":90}," (",[80,149,87],{"class":86},[80,151,152],{"class":90},"::",[80,154,155],{"class":94},"size_t",[80,157,158],{"class":90}," i ",[80,160,101],{"class":94},[80,162,163],{"class":107}," 0",[80,165,166],{"class":90},"; i ",[80,168,169],{"class":94},"\u003C",[80,171,172],{"class":90}," v.",[80,174,175],{"class":86},"size",[80,177,178],{"class":90},"(); ",[80,180,181],{"class":94},"++",[80,183,184],{"class":90},"i)\n",[80,186,188],{"class":82,"line":187},2,[80,189,190],{"class":90},"{\n",[80,192,194,197,200,203,206,208,212],{"class":82,"line":193},3,[80,195,196],{"class":86},"    std",[80,198,199],{"class":90},"::cout ",[80,201,202],{"class":94},"\u003C\u003C",[80,204,205],{"class":90}," v[i] ",[80,207,202],{"class":94},[80,209,211],{"class":210},"sZZnC"," \" \"",[80,213,214],{"class":90},";\n",[80,216,218],{"class":82,"line":217},4,[80,219,220],{"class":90},"}\n",[14,222,223],{},"也可以使用迭代器遍歷：",[71,225,227],{"className":73,"code":226,"language":75,"meta":76,"style":76},"for (auto it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it)\n{\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C *it \u003C\u003C \" \";\n}\n",[18,228,229,266,270,290],{"__ignoreMap":76},[80,230,231,233,235,238,241,243,245,248,251,254,256,259,261,263],{"class":82,"line":83},[80,232,20],{"class":94},[80,234,147],{"class":90},[80,236,237],{"class":94},"auto",[80,239,240],{"class":90}," it ",[80,242,101],{"class":94},[80,244,172],{"class":90},[80,246,247],{"class":86},"begin",[80,249,250],{"class":90},"(); it ",[80,252,253],{"class":94},"!=",[80,255,172],{"class":90},[80,257,258],{"class":86},"end",[80,260,178],{"class":90},[80,262,181],{"class":94},[80,264,265],{"class":90},"it)\n",[80,267,268],{"class":82,"line":187},[80,269,190],{"class":90},[80,271,272,274,276,278,281,284,286,288],{"class":82,"line":193},[80,273,196],{"class":86},[80,275,199],{"class":90},[80,277,202],{"class":94},[80,279,280],{"class":94}," *",[80,282,283],{"class":90},"it ",[80,285,202],{"class":94},[80,287,211],{"class":210},[80,289,214],{"class":90},[80,291,292],{"class":82,"line":217},[80,293,220],{"class":90},[14,295,296],{},"如果只是想依次訪問每個元素，可以改寫成範圍 for：",[71,298,300],{"className":73,"code":299,"language":75,"meta":76,"style":76},"for (int n : v)\n{\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C n \u003C\u003C \" \";\n}\n",[18,301,302,314,318,335],{"__ignoreMap":76},[80,303,304,306,308,311],{"class":82,"line":83},[80,305,20],{"class":94},[80,307,147],{"class":90},[80,309,310],{"class":94},"int",[80,312,313],{"class":90}," n : v)\n",[80,315,316],{"class":82,"line":187},[80,317,190],{"class":90},[80,319,320,322,324,326,329,331,333],{"class":82,"line":193},[80,321,196],{"class":86},[80,323,199],{"class":90},[80,325,202],{"class":94},[80,327,328],{"class":90}," n ",[80,330,202],{"class":94},[80,332,211],{"class":210},[80,334,214],{"class":90},[80,336,337],{"class":82,"line":217},[80,338,220],{"class":90},[14,340,341,342,344,345,348,349,344,351,353],{},"下標寫法直觀，但只適用於 ",[18,343,68],{},"、",[18,346,347],{},"array"," 等支持下標訪問的容器；迭代器寫法可以用於更多 STL 容器，但代碼較長。範圍 for 隱藏了 ",[18,350,33],{},[18,352,37],{}," 和迭代器遞增等細節，更直接地表達“依次處理容器中的每個元素”。",[10,355,356],{"id":356},"基本語法",[71,358,360],{"className":73,"code":359,"language":75,"meta":76,"style":76},"for (元素类型 变量名 : 容器)\n{\n    \u002F\u002F 使用变量名\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F 推荐：不修改元素用 const auto&\nfor (const auto& 变量名 : 容器)\n{\n    \u002F\u002F 只读访问\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F 要修改元素用 auto&\nfor (auto& 变量名 : 容器)\n{\n    \u002F\u002F 可以修改元素\n}\n",[18,361,362,369,373,379,383,390,396,412,417,423,428,433,439,451,456,462],{"__ignoreMap":76},[80,363,364,366],{"class":82,"line":83},[80,365,20],{"class":94},[80,367,368],{"class":90}," (元素类型 变量名 : 容器)\n",[80,370,371],{"class":82,"line":187},[80,372,190],{"class":90},[80,374,375],{"class":82,"line":193},[80,376,378],{"class":377},"sJ8bj","    \u002F\u002F 使用变量名\n",[80,380,381],{"class":82,"line":217},[80,382,220],{"class":90},[80,384,386],{"class":82,"line":385},5,[80,387,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},true,"\n",[80,391,393],{"class":82,"line":392},6,[80,394,395],{"class":377},"\u002F\u002F 推荐：不修改元素用 const auto&\n",[80,397,399,401,403,406,409],{"class":82,"line":398},7,[80,400,20],{"class":94},[80,402,147],{"class":90},[80,404,405],{"class":94},"const",[80,407,408],{"class":94}," auto&",[80,410,411],{"class":90}," 变量名 : 容器)\n",[80,413,415],{"class":82,"line":414},8,[80,416,190],{"class":90},[80,418,420],{"class":82,"line":419},9,[80,421,422],{"class":377},"    \u002F\u002F 只读访问\n",[80,424,426],{"class":82,"line":425},10,[80,427,220],{"class":90},[80,429,431],{"class":82,"line":430},11,[80,432,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,434,436],{"class":82,"line":435},12,[80,437,438],{"class":377},"\u002F\u002F 要修改元素用 auto&\n",[80,440,442,444,446,449],{"class":82,"line":441},13,[80,443,20],{"class":94},[80,445,147],{"class":90},[80,447,448],{"class":94},"auto&",[80,450,411],{"class":90},[80,452,454],{"class":82,"line":453},14,[80,455,190],{"class":90},[80,457,459],{"class":82,"line":458},15,[80,460,461],{"class":377},"    \u002F\u002F 可以修改元素\n",[80,463,465],{"class":82,"line":464},16,[80,466,220],{"class":90},[10,468,469],{"id":469},"常用用法",[471,472,473,490],"table",{},[474,475,476],"thead",{},[477,478,479,484,487],"tr",{},[480,481,483],"th",{"align":482},"left","用法",[480,485,486],{"align":482},"說明",[480,488,489],{"align":482},"何時使用",[491,492,493,507,524,537],"tbody",{},[477,494,495,501,504],{},[496,497,498],"td",{"align":482},[18,499,500],{},"for (auto x : c)",[496,502,503],{"align":482},"值拷貝遍歷",[496,505,506],{"align":482},"元素類型小（int\u002Fdouble 等）",[477,508,509,514,517],{},[496,510,511],{"align":482},[18,512,513],{},"for (const auto& x : c)",[496,515,516],{"align":482},"只讀引用遍歷",[496,518,519,523],{"align":482},[520,521,522],"strong",{},"最常用","，不想拷貝大對象",[477,525,526,531,534],{},[496,527,528],{"align":482},[18,529,530],{},"for (auto& x : c)",[496,532,533],{"align":482},"可修改引用遍歷",[496,535,536],{"align":482},"需要修改容器中元素",[477,538,539,544,547],{},[496,540,541],{"align":482},[18,542,543],{},"for (int x : {1, 2, 3})",[496,545,546],{"align":482},"遍歷初始值列表",[496,548,549],{"align":482},"快速遍歷已知小集合",[10,551,553],{"id":552},"什麼時候不用範圍-for","什麼時候不用範圍 for",[14,555,556,557,559],{},"範圍 for 適合\"逐個訪問元素\"。如果你的邏輯依賴下標、相鄰元素、反向遍歷、跳著遍歷，或者需要在遍歷過程中增刪容器元素，傳統 ",[18,558,20],{}," 或迭代器循環反而更清楚。",[471,561,562,575],{},[474,563,564],{},[477,565,566,569,572],{},[480,567,568],{"align":482},"需求",[480,570,571],{"align":482},"推薦寫法",[480,573,574],{"align":482},"原因",[491,576,577,588,600,614,632],{},[477,578,579,582,585],{},[496,580,581],{"align":482},"只讀訪問每個元素",[496,583,584],{"align":482},"範圍 for",[496,586,587],{"align":482},"最簡潔",[477,589,590,593,597],{},[496,591,592],{"align":482},"修改每個元素的值",[496,594,595],{"align":482},[18,596,530],{},[496,598,599],{"align":482},"直接改原元素",[477,601,602,605,611],{},[496,603,604],{"align":482},"需要下標",[496,606,607,608],{"align":482},"傳統 ",[18,609,610],{},"for (size_t i = 0; ...)",[496,612,613],{"align":482},"下標是邏輯的一部分",[477,615,616,619,622],{},[496,617,618],{"align":482},"比較相鄰元素",[496,620,621],{"align":482},"傳統 for",[496,623,624,625,628,629],{"align":482},"要訪問 ",[18,626,627],{},"i"," 和 ",[18,630,631],{},"i - 1",[477,633,634,637,640],{},[496,635,636],{"align":482},"遍歷時刪除元素",[496,638,639],{"align":482},"迭代器循環 \u002F 算法",[496,641,642],{"align":482},"範圍 for 容易觸發迭代器失效",[10,644,645],{"id":645},"示例代碼",[647,648,650],"h3",{"id":649},"示例-1用範圍-for-遍歷-vector","示例 1：用範圍 for 遍歷 vector",[71,652,654],{"className":73,"code":653,"language":75,"meta":76,"style":76},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cvector>\n\nint main()\n{\n    std::vector\u003Cint> v = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};\n\n    \u002F\u002F 范围 for 遍历\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"elements: \";\n    for (int n : v)\n    {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C n \u003C\u003C \" \";\n    }\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n    return 0;\n}\n",[18,655,656,664,671,675,685,689,723,727,732,745,756,761,778,783,802,806,815],{"__ignoreMap":76},[80,657,658,661],{"class":82,"line":83},[80,659,660],{"class":94},"#include",[80,662,663],{"class":210}," \u003Ciostream>\n",[80,665,666,668],{"class":82,"line":187},[80,667,660],{"class":94},[80,669,670],{"class":210}," \u003Cvector>\n",[80,672,673],{"class":82,"line":193},[80,674,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,676,677,679,682],{"class":82,"line":217},[80,678,310],{"class":94},[80,680,681],{"class":86}," main",[80,683,684],{"class":90},"()\n",[80,686,687],{"class":82,"line":385},[80,688,190],{"class":90},[80,690,691,693,695,697,699,701,703,705,707,709,711,713,715,717,719,721],{"class":82,"line":392},[80,692,196],{"class":86},[80,694,91],{"class":90},[80,696,95],{"class":94},[80,698,98],{"class":90},[80,700,101],{"class":94},[80,702,104],{"class":90},[80,704,108],{"class":107},[80,706,111],{"class":90},[80,708,114],{"class":107},[80,710,111],{"class":90},[80,712,119],{"class":107},[80,714,111],{"class":90},[80,716,124],{"class":107},[80,718,111],{"class":90},[80,720,129],{"class":107},[80,722,132],{"class":90},[80,724,725],{"class":82,"line":398},[80,726,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,728,729],{"class":82,"line":414},[80,730,731],{"class":377},"    \u002F\u002F 范围 for 遍历\n",[80,733,734,736,738,740,743],{"class":82,"line":419},[80,735,196],{"class":86},[80,737,199],{"class":90},[80,739,202],{"class":94},[80,741,742],{"class":210}," \"elements: \"",[80,744,214],{"class":90},[80,746,747,750,752,754],{"class":82,"line":425},[80,748,749],{"class":94},"    for",[80,751,147],{"class":90},[80,753,310],{"class":94},[80,755,313],{"class":90},[80,757,758],{"class":82,"line":430},[80,759,760],{"class":90},"    {\n",[80,762,763,766,768,770,772,774,776],{"class":82,"line":435},[80,764,765],{"class":86},"        std",[80,767,199],{"class":90},[80,769,202],{"class":94},[80,771,328],{"class":90},[80,773,202],{"class":94},[80,775,211],{"class":210},[80,777,214],{"class":90},[80,779,780],{"class":82,"line":441},[80,781,782],{"class":90},"    }\n",[80,784,785,787,789,791,794,797,800],{"class":82,"line":453},[80,786,196],{"class":86},[80,788,199],{"class":90},[80,790,202],{"class":94},[80,792,793],{"class":210}," \"",[80,795,796],{"class":107},"\\n",[80,798,799],{"class":210},"\"",[80,801,214],{"class":90},[80,803,804],{"class":82,"line":458},[80,805,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,807,808,811,813],{"class":82,"line":464},[80,809,810],{"class":94},"    return",[80,812,163],{"class":107},[80,814,214],{"class":90},[80,816,818],{"class":82,"line":817},17,[80,819,220],{"class":90},[14,821,822,69],{},[520,823,824],{},"運行結果",[71,826,831],{"className":827,"code":829,"language":830},[828],"language-text","elements: 10 20 30 40 50 \n","text",[18,832,829],{"__ignoreMap":76},[647,834,836],{"id":835},"示例-2在示例-1-基礎上const-auto-和-auto-的區別","示例 2：在示例 1 基礎上，const auto& 和 auto& 的區別",[71,838,840],{"className":73,"code":839,"language":75,"meta":76,"style":76},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cvector>\n#include \u003Cstring>\n\nint main()\n{\n    std::vector\u003Cstd::string> names = {\"Alice\", \"Bob\", \"Charlie\"};\n\n    \u002F\u002F const auto&：只读遍历，不拷贝（推荐）\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"const auto&: \";\n    for (const auto& s : names)\n    {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C s \u003C\u003C \" \";\n        \u002F\u002F s = \"X\";  \u002F\u002F ❌ 编译错误！const 引用不能修改\n    }\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n    \u002F\u002F auto&：可修改遍历\n    for (auto& s : names)\n    {\n        s = s + \"!\";  \u002F\u002F 修改原容器中的元素\n    }\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"after modify: \";\n    for (const auto& s : names)\n    {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C s \u003C\u003C \" \";\n    }\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n    return 0;\n}\n",[18,841,842,848,854,861,865,873,877,915,919,924,937,950,954,971,979,983,999,1003,1009,1020,1025,1047,1052,1066,1079,1084,1101,1106,1123,1128,1137],{"__ignoreMap":76},[80,843,844,846],{"class":82,"line":83},[80,845,660],{"class":94},[80,847,663],{"class":210},[80,849,850,852],{"class":82,"line":187},[80,851,660],{"class":94},[80,853,670],{"class":210},[80,855,856,858],{"class":82,"line":193},[80,857,660],{"class":94},[80,859,860],{"class":210}," \u003Cstring>\n",[80,862,863],{"class":82,"line":217},[80,864,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,866,867,869,871],{"class":82,"line":385},[80,868,310],{"class":94},[80,870,681],{"class":86},[80,872,684],{"class":90},[80,874,875],{"class":82,"line":392},[80,876,190],{"class":90},[80,878,879,881,883,885,887,890,893,896,898,900,903,905,908,910,913],{"class":82,"line":398},[80,880,196],{"class":86},[80,882,91],{"class":90},[80,884,169],{"class":94},[80,886,87],{"class":86},[80,888,889],{"class":90},"::string",[80,891,892],{"class":94},">",[80,894,895],{"class":90}," names ",[80,897,101],{"class":94},[80,899,104],{"class":90},[80,901,902],{"class":210},"\"Alice\"",[80,904,111],{"class":90},[80,906,907],{"class":210},"\"Bob\"",[80,909,111],{"class":90},[80,911,912],{"class":210},"\"Charlie\"",[80,914,132],{"class":90},[80,916,917],{"class":82,"line":414},[80,918,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,920,921],{"class":82,"line":419},[80,922,923],{"class":377},"    \u002F\u002F const auto&：只读遍历，不拷贝（推荐）\n",[80,925,926,928,930,932,935],{"class":82,"line":425},[80,927,196],{"class":86},[80,929,199],{"class":90},[80,931,202],{"class":94},[80,933,934],{"class":210}," \"const auto&: \"",[80,936,214],{"class":90},[80,938,939,941,943,945,947],{"class":82,"line":430},[80,940,749],{"class":94},[80,942,147],{"class":90},[80,944,405],{"class":94},[80,946,408],{"class":94},[80,948,949],{"class":90}," s : names)\n",[80,951,952],{"class":82,"line":435},[80,953,760],{"class":90},[80,955,956,958,960,962,965,967,969],{"class":82,"line":441},[80,957,765],{"class":86},[80,959,199],{"class":90},[80,961,202],{"class":94},[80,963,964],{"class":90}," s ",[80,966,202],{"class":94},[80,968,211],{"class":210},[80,970,214],{"class":90},[80,972,973,976],{"class":82,"line":453},[80,974,975],{"class":377},"        \u002F\u002F s = \"X\";",[80,977,978],{"class":377},"  \u002F\u002F ❌ 编译错误！const 引用不能修改\n",[80,980,981],{"class":82,"line":458},[80,982,782],{"class":90},[80,984,985,987,989,991,993,995,997],{"class":82,"line":464},[80,986,196],{"class":86},[80,988,199],{"class":90},[80,990,202],{"class":94},[80,992,793],{"class":210},[80,994,796],{"class":107},[80,996,799],{"class":210},[80,998,214],{"class":90},[80,1000,1001],{"class":82,"line":817},[80,1002,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,1004,1006],{"class":82,"line":1005},18,[80,1007,1008],{"class":377},"    \u002F\u002F auto&：可修改遍历\n",[80,1010,1012,1014,1016,1018],{"class":82,"line":1011},19,[80,1013,749],{"class":94},[80,1015,147],{"class":90},[80,1017,448],{"class":94},[80,1019,949],{"class":90},[80,1021,1023],{"class":82,"line":1022},20,[80,1024,760],{"class":90},[80,1026,1028,1031,1033,1035,1038,1041,1044],{"class":82,"line":1027},21,[80,1029,1030],{"class":90},"        s ",[80,1032,101],{"class":94},[80,1034,964],{"class":90},[80,1036,1037],{"class":94},"+",[80,1039,1040],{"class":210}," \"!\"",[80,1042,1043],{"class":90},";",[80,1045,1046],{"class":377},"  \u002F\u002F 修改原容器中的元素\n",[80,1048,1050],{"class":82,"line":1049},22,[80,1051,782],{"class":90},[80,1053,1055,1057,1059,1061,1064],{"class":82,"line":1054},23,[80,1056,196],{"class":86},[80,1058,199],{"class":90},[80,1060,202],{"class":94},[80,1062,1063],{"class":210}," \"after modify: \"",[80,1065,214],{"class":90},[80,1067,1069,1071,1073,1075,1077],{"class":82,"line":1068},24,[80,1070,749],{"class":94},[80,1072,147],{"class":90},[80,1074,405],{"class":94},[80,1076,408],{"class":94},[80,1078,949],{"class":90},[80,1080,1082],{"class":82,"line":1081},25,[80,1083,760],{"class":90},[80,1085,1087,1089,1091,1093,1095,1097,1099],{"class":82,"line":1086},26,[80,1088,765],{"class":86},[80,1090,199],{"class":90},[80,1092,202],{"class":94},[80,1094,964],{"class":90},[80,1096,202],{"class":94},[80,1098,211],{"class":210},[80,1100,214],{"class":90},[80,1102,1104],{"class":82,"line":1103},27,[80,1105,782],{"class":90},[80,1107,1109,1111,1113,1115,1117,1119,1121],{"class":82,"line":1108},28,[80,1110,196],{"class":86},[80,1112,199],{"class":90},[80,1114,202],{"class":94},[80,1116,793],{"class":210},[80,1118,796],{"class":107},[80,1120,799],{"class":210},[80,1122,214],{"class":90},[80,1124,1126],{"class":82,"line":1125},29,[80,1127,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,1129,1131,1133,1135],{"class":82,"line":1130},30,[80,1132,810],{"class":94},[80,1134,163],{"class":107},[80,1136,214],{"class":90},[80,1138,1140],{"class":82,"line":1139},31,[80,1141,220],{"class":90},[14,1143,1144,69],{},[520,1145,824],{},[71,1147,1150],{"className":1148,"code":1149,"language":830},[828],"const auto&: Alice Bob Charlie \nafter modify: Alice! Bob! Charlie! \n",[18,1151,1149],{"__ignoreMap":76},[647,1153,1155],{"id":1154},"示例-3在示例-2-基礎上遍歷初始值列表和-map","示例 3：在示例 2 基礎上，遍歷初始值列表和 map",[71,1157,1159],{"className":73,"code":1158,"language":75,"meta":76,"style":76},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cmap>\n#include \u003Cstring>\n\nint main()\n{\n    \u002F\u002F 直接遍历初始值列表\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"init list: \";\n    for (int n : {3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9})\n    {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C n \u003C\u003C \" \";\n    }\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n    \u002F\u002F 遍历 map\n    std::map\u003Cstd::string, int> scores = {\n        {\"Alice\", 85},\n        {\"Bob\", 92},\n        {\"Charlie\", 78}\n    };\n\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"scores:\\n\";\n    for (const auto& pair : scores)\n    {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"  \" \u003C\u003C pair.first \u003C\u003C \": \" \u003C\u003C pair.second \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    }\n\n    return 0;\n}\n",[18,1160,1161,1167,1174,1180,1184,1192,1196,1201,1214,1255,1259,1275,1279,1295,1299,1304,1329,1344,1357,1370,1375,1379,1396,1409,1413,1450,1454,1458,1466],{"__ignoreMap":76},[80,1162,1163,1165],{"class":82,"line":83},[80,1164,660],{"class":94},[80,1166,663],{"class":210},[80,1168,1169,1171],{"class":82,"line":187},[80,1170,660],{"class":94},[80,1172,1173],{"class":210}," \u003Cmap>\n",[80,1175,1176,1178],{"class":82,"line":193},[80,1177,660],{"class":94},[80,1179,860],{"class":210},[80,1181,1182],{"class":82,"line":217},[80,1183,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,1185,1186,1188,1190],{"class":82,"line":385},[80,1187,310],{"class":94},[80,1189,681],{"class":86},[80,1191,684],{"class":90},[80,1193,1194],{"class":82,"line":392},[80,1195,190],{"class":90},[80,1197,1198],{"class":82,"line":398},[80,1199,1200],{"class":377},"    \u002F\u002F 直接遍历初始值列表\n",[80,1202,1203,1205,1207,1209,1212],{"class":82,"line":414},[80,1204,196],{"class":86},[80,1206,199],{"class":90},[80,1208,202],{"class":94},[80,1210,1211],{"class":210}," \"init list: \"",[80,1213,214],{"class":90},[80,1215,1216,1218,1220,1222,1225,1228,1230,1233,1235,1238,1240,1242,1244,1247,1249,1252],{"class":82,"line":419},[80,1217,749],{"class":94},[80,1219,147],{"class":90},[80,1221,310],{"class":94},[80,1223,1224],{"class":90}," n : {",[80,1226,1227],{"class":107},"3",[80,1229,111],{"class":90},[80,1231,1232],{"class":107},"1",[80,1234,111],{"class":90},[80,1236,1237],{"class":107},"4",[80,1239,111],{"class":90},[80,1241,1232],{"class":107},[80,1243,111],{"class":90},[80,1245,1246],{"class":107},"5",[80,1248,111],{"class":90},[80,1250,1251],{"class":107},"9",[80,1253,1254],{"class":90},"})\n",[80,1256,1257],{"class":82,"line":425},[80,1258,760],{"class":90},[80,1260,1261,1263,1265,1267,1269,1271,1273],{"class":82,"line":430},[80,1262,765],{"class":86},[80,1264,199],{"class":90},[80,1266,202],{"class":94},[80,1268,328],{"class":90},[80,1270,202],{"class":94},[80,1272,211],{"class":210},[80,1274,214],{"class":90},[80,1276,1277],{"class":82,"line":435},[80,1278,782],{"class":90},[80,1280,1281,1283,1285,1287,1289,1291,1293],{"class":82,"line":441},[80,1282,196],{"class":86},[80,1284,199],{"class":90},[80,1286,202],{"class":94},[80,1288,793],{"class":210},[80,1290,796],{"class":107},[80,1292,799],{"class":210},[80,1294,214],{"class":90},[80,1296,1297],{"class":82,"line":453},[80,1298,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,1300,1301],{"class":82,"line":458},[80,1302,1303],{"class":377},"    \u002F\u002F 遍历 map\n",[80,1305,1306,1308,1311,1313,1315,1318,1321,1324,1326],{"class":82,"line":464},[80,1307,196],{"class":86},[80,1309,1310],{"class":90},"::map",[80,1312,169],{"class":94},[80,1314,87],{"class":86},[80,1316,1317],{"class":90},"::string, ",[80,1319,1320],{"class":94},"int>",[80,1322,1323],{"class":90}," scores ",[80,1325,101],{"class":94},[80,1327,1328],{"class":90}," {\n",[80,1330,1331,1334,1336,1338,1341],{"class":82,"line":817},[80,1332,1333],{"class":90},"        {",[80,1335,902],{"class":210},[80,1337,111],{"class":90},[80,1339,1340],{"class":107},"85",[80,1342,1343],{"class":90},"},\n",[80,1345,1346,1348,1350,1352,1355],{"class":82,"line":1005},[80,1347,1333],{"class":90},[80,1349,907],{"class":210},[80,1351,111],{"class":90},[80,1353,1354],{"class":107},"92",[80,1356,1343],{"class":90},[80,1358,1359,1361,1363,1365,1368],{"class":82,"line":1011},[80,1360,1333],{"class":90},[80,1362,912],{"class":210},[80,1364,111],{"class":90},[80,1366,1367],{"class":107},"78",[80,1369,220],{"class":90},[80,1371,1372],{"class":82,"line":1022},[80,1373,1374],{"class":90},"    };\n",[80,1376,1377],{"class":82,"line":1027},[80,1378,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,1380,1381,1383,1385,1387,1390,1392,1394],{"class":82,"line":1049},[80,1382,196],{"class":86},[80,1384,199],{"class":90},[80,1386,202],{"class":94},[80,1388,1389],{"class":210}," \"scores:",[80,1391,796],{"class":107},[80,1393,799],{"class":210},[80,1395,214],{"class":90},[80,1397,1398,1400,1402,1404,1406],{"class":82,"line":1054},[80,1399,749],{"class":94},[80,1401,147],{"class":90},[80,1403,405],{"class":94},[80,1405,408],{"class":94},[80,1407,1408],{"class":90}," pair : scores)\n",[80,1410,1411],{"class":82,"line":1068},[80,1412,760],{"class":90},[80,1414,1415,1417,1419,1421,1424,1427,1430,1432,1435,1437,1440,1442,1444,1446,1448],{"class":82,"line":1081},[80,1416,765],{"class":86},[80,1418,199],{"class":90},[80,1420,202],{"class":94},[80,1422,1423],{"class":210}," \"  \"",[80,1425,1426],{"class":94}," \u003C\u003C",[80,1428,1429],{"class":90}," pair.first ",[80,1431,202],{"class":94},[80,1433,1434],{"class":210}," \": \"",[80,1436,1426],{"class":94},[80,1438,1439],{"class":90}," pair.second ",[80,1441,202],{"class":94},[80,1443,793],{"class":210},[80,1445,796],{"class":107},[80,1447,799],{"class":210},[80,1449,214],{"class":90},[80,1451,1452],{"class":82,"line":1086},[80,1453,782],{"class":90},[80,1455,1456],{"class":82,"line":1103},[80,1457,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,1459,1460,1462,1464],{"class":82,"line":1108},[80,1461,810],{"class":94},[80,1463,163],{"class":107},[80,1465,214],{"class":90},[80,1467,1468],{"class":82,"line":1125},[80,1469,220],{"class":90},[14,1471,1472,69],{},[520,1473,824],{},[71,1475,1478],{"className":1476,"code":1477,"language":830},[828],"init list: 3 1 4 1 5 9 \nscores:\n  Alice: 85\n  Bob: 92\n  Charlie: 78\n",[18,1479,1477],{"__ignoreMap":76},[647,1481,1483],{"id":1482},"示例-4在示例-3-基礎上c17-結構化綁定遍歷-map","示例 4：在示例 3 基礎上，C++17 結構化綁定遍歷 map",[71,1485,1487],{"className":73,"code":1486,"language":75,"meta":76,"style":76},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cmap>\n#include \u003Cstring>\n\nint main()\n{\n    std::map\u003Cstd::string, int> scores = {\n        {\"Alice\", 85},\n        {\"Bob\", 92},\n        {\"Charlie\", 78}\n    };\n\n    \u002F\u002F C++17 结构化绑定：直接解包 key 和 value\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"scores (structured binding):\\n\";\n    for (const auto& [name, score] : scores)\n    {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"  \" \u003C\u003C name \u003C\u003C \": \" \u003C\u003C score \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    }\n\n    return 0;\n}\n",[18,1488,1489,1495,1501,1507,1511,1519,1523,1543,1555,1567,1579,1583,1587,1592,1609,1622,1626,1660,1664,1668,1676],{"__ignoreMap":76},[80,1490,1491,1493],{"class":82,"line":83},[80,1492,660],{"class":94},[80,1494,663],{"class":210},[80,1496,1497,1499],{"class":82,"line":187},[80,1498,660],{"class":94},[80,1500,1173],{"class":210},[80,1502,1503,1505],{"class":82,"line":193},[80,1504,660],{"class":94},[80,1506,860],{"class":210},[80,1508,1509],{"class":82,"line":217},[80,1510,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,1512,1513,1515,1517],{"class":82,"line":385},[80,1514,310],{"class":94},[80,1516,681],{"class":86},[80,1518,684],{"class":90},[80,1520,1521],{"class":82,"line":392},[80,1522,190],{"class":90},[80,1524,1525,1527,1529,1531,1533,1535,1537,1539,1541],{"class":82,"line":398},[80,1526,196],{"class":86},[80,1528,1310],{"class":90},[80,1530,169],{"class":94},[80,1532,87],{"class":86},[80,1534,1317],{"class":90},[80,1536,1320],{"class":94},[80,1538,1323],{"class":90},[80,1540,101],{"class":94},[80,1542,1328],{"class":90},[80,1544,1545,1547,1549,1551,1553],{"class":82,"line":414},[80,1546,1333],{"class":90},[80,1548,902],{"class":210},[80,1550,111],{"class":90},[80,1552,1340],{"class":107},[80,1554,1343],{"class":90},[80,1556,1557,1559,1561,1563,1565],{"class":82,"line":419},[80,1558,1333],{"class":90},[80,1560,907],{"class":210},[80,1562,111],{"class":90},[80,1564,1354],{"class":107},[80,1566,1343],{"class":90},[80,1568,1569,1571,1573,1575,1577],{"class":82,"line":425},[80,1570,1333],{"class":90},[80,1572,912],{"class":210},[80,1574,111],{"class":90},[80,1576,1367],{"class":107},[80,1578,220],{"class":90},[80,1580,1581],{"class":82,"line":430},[80,1582,1374],{"class":90},[80,1584,1585],{"class":82,"line":435},[80,1586,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,1588,1589],{"class":82,"line":441},[80,1590,1591],{"class":377},"    \u002F\u002F C++17 结构化绑定：直接解包 key 和 value\n",[80,1593,1594,1596,1598,1600,1603,1605,1607],{"class":82,"line":453},[80,1595,196],{"class":86},[80,1597,199],{"class":90},[80,1599,202],{"class":94},[80,1601,1602],{"class":210}," \"scores (structured binding):",[80,1604,796],{"class":107},[80,1606,799],{"class":210},[80,1608,214],{"class":90},[80,1610,1611,1613,1615,1617,1619],{"class":82,"line":458},[80,1612,749],{"class":94},[80,1614,147],{"class":90},[80,1616,405],{"class":94},[80,1618,408],{"class":94},[80,1620,1621],{"class":90}," [name, score] : scores)\n",[80,1623,1624],{"class":82,"line":464},[80,1625,760],{"class":90},[80,1627,1628,1630,1632,1634,1636,1638,1641,1643,1645,1647,1650,1652,1654,1656,1658],{"class":82,"line":817},[80,1629,765],{"class":86},[80,1631,199],{"class":90},[80,1633,202],{"class":94},[80,1635,1423],{"class":210},[80,1637,1426],{"class":94},[80,1639,1640],{"class":90}," name ",[80,1642,202],{"class":94},[80,1644,1434],{"class":210},[80,1646,1426],{"class":94},[80,1648,1649],{"class":90}," score ",[80,1651,202],{"class":94},[80,1653,793],{"class":210},[80,1655,796],{"class":107},[80,1657,799],{"class":210},[80,1659,214],{"class":90},[80,1661,1662],{"class":82,"line":1005},[80,1663,782],{"class":90},[80,1665,1666],{"class":82,"line":1011},[80,1667,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,1669,1670,1672,1674],{"class":82,"line":1022},[80,1671,810],{"class":94},[80,1673,163],{"class":107},[80,1675,214],{"class":90},[80,1677,1678],{"class":82,"line":1027},[80,1679,220],{"class":90},[14,1681,1682,69],{},[520,1683,824],{},[71,1685,1688],{"className":1686,"code":1687,"language":830},[828],"scores (structured binding):\n  Alice: 85\n  Bob: 92\n  Charlie: 78\n",[18,1689,1687],{"__ignoreMap":76},[647,1691,1693],{"id":1692},"示例-5在示例-4-基礎上需要下標時不要硬用範圍-for","示例 5：在示例 4 基礎上，需要下標時不要硬用範圍 for",[71,1695,1697],{"className":73,"code":1696,"language":75,"meta":76,"style":76},"#include \u003Ccstddef>\n#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cstring>\n#include \u003Cvector>\n\nint main()\n{\n    \u002F\u002F 程序从 main 函数开始执行，下面的语句会按顺序运行。\n    \u002F\u002F vector 是动态数组，元素数量可以在运行时变化。\n    std::vector\u003Cint> temperatures = {22, 23, 21, 25, 24};\n\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"all temperatures: \";\n    for (int t : temperatures)\n    {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C t \u003C\u003C \" \";\n    }\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"changes between adjacent days:\\n\";\n    for (std::size_t i = 1; i \u003C temperatures.size(); ++i)\n    {\n        int change = temperatures[i] - temperatures[i - 1];\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"  day \" \u003C\u003C i \u003C\u003C \" -> day \" \u003C\u003C (i + 1)\n                  \u003C\u003C \": \" \u003C\u003C change \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    }\n\n    return 0;\n}\n",[18,1698,1699,1706,1712,1718,1724,1728,1736,1740,1745,1750,1790,1794,1807,1818,1822,1839,1843,1859,1863,1880,1914,1918,1944,1976,1997,2001,2005,2013],{"__ignoreMap":76},[80,1700,1701,1703],{"class":82,"line":83},[80,1702,660],{"class":94},[80,1704,1705],{"class":210}," \u003Ccstddef>\n",[80,1707,1708,1710],{"class":82,"line":187},[80,1709,660],{"class":94},[80,1711,663],{"class":210},[80,1713,1714,1716],{"class":82,"line":193},[80,1715,660],{"class":94},[80,1717,860],{"class":210},[80,1719,1720,1722],{"class":82,"line":217},[80,1721,660],{"class":94},[80,1723,670],{"class":210},[80,1725,1726],{"class":82,"line":385},[80,1727,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,1729,1730,1732,1734],{"class":82,"line":392},[80,1731,310],{"class":94},[80,1733,681],{"class":86},[80,1735,684],{"class":90},[80,1737,1738],{"class":82,"line":398},[80,1739,190],{"class":90},[80,1741,1742],{"class":82,"line":414},[80,1743,1744],{"class":377},"    \u002F\u002F 程序从 main 函数开始执行，下面的语句会按顺序运行。\n",[80,1746,1747],{"class":82,"line":419},[80,1748,1749],{"class":377},"    \u002F\u002F vector 是动态数组，元素数量可以在运行时变化。\n",[80,1751,1752,1754,1756,1758,1761,1763,1765,1768,1770,1773,1775,1778,1780,1783,1785,1788],{"class":82,"line":425},[80,1753,196],{"class":86},[80,1755,91],{"class":90},[80,1757,95],{"class":94},[80,1759,1760],{"class":90}," temperatures ",[80,1762,101],{"class":94},[80,1764,104],{"class":90},[80,1766,1767],{"class":107},"22",[80,1769,111],{"class":90},[80,1771,1772],{"class":107},"23",[80,1774,111],{"class":90},[80,1776,1777],{"class":107},"21",[80,1779,111],{"class":90},[80,1781,1782],{"class":107},"25",[80,1784,111],{"class":90},[80,1786,1787],{"class":107},"24",[80,1789,132],{"class":90},[80,1791,1792],{"class":82,"line":430},[80,1793,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,1795,1796,1798,1800,1802,1805],{"class":82,"line":435},[80,1797,196],{"class":86},[80,1799,199],{"class":90},[80,1801,202],{"class":94},[80,1803,1804],{"class":210}," \"all temperatures: \"",[80,1806,214],{"class":90},[80,1808,1809,1811,1813,1815],{"class":82,"line":441},[80,1810,749],{"class":94},[80,1812,147],{"class":90},[80,1814,310],{"class":94},[80,1816,1817],{"class":90}," t : temperatures)\n",[80,1819,1820],{"class":82,"line":453},[80,1821,760],{"class":90},[80,1823,1824,1826,1828,1830,1833,1835,1837],{"class":82,"line":458},[80,1825,765],{"class":86},[80,1827,199],{"class":90},[80,1829,202],{"class":94},[80,1831,1832],{"class":90}," t ",[80,1834,202],{"class":94},[80,1836,211],{"class":210},[80,1838,214],{"class":90},[80,1840,1841],{"class":82,"line":464},[80,1842,782],{"class":90},[80,1844,1845,1847,1849,1851,1853,1855,1857],{"class":82,"line":817},[80,1846,196],{"class":86},[80,1848,199],{"class":90},[80,1850,202],{"class":94},[80,1852,793],{"class":210},[80,1854,796],{"class":107},[80,1856,799],{"class":210},[80,1858,214],{"class":90},[80,1860,1861],{"class":82,"line":1005},[80,1862,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,1864,1865,1867,1869,1871,1874,1876,1878],{"class":82,"line":1011},[80,1866,196],{"class":86},[80,1868,199],{"class":90},[80,1870,202],{"class":94},[80,1872,1873],{"class":210}," \"changes between adjacent days:",[80,1875,796],{"class":107},[80,1877,799],{"class":210},[80,1879,214],{"class":90},[80,1881,1882,1884,1886,1888,1890,1892,1894,1896,1899,1901,1903,1906,1908,1910,1912],{"class":82,"line":1022},[80,1883,749],{"class":94},[80,1885,147],{"class":90},[80,1887,87],{"class":86},[80,1889,152],{"class":90},[80,1891,155],{"class":94},[80,1893,158],{"class":90},[80,1895,101],{"class":94},[80,1897,1898],{"class":107}," 1",[80,1900,166],{"class":90},[80,1902,169],{"class":94},[80,1904,1905],{"class":90}," temperatures.",[80,1907,175],{"class":86},[80,1909,178],{"class":90},[80,1911,181],{"class":94},[80,1913,184],{"class":90},[80,1915,1916],{"class":82,"line":1027},[80,1917,760],{"class":90},[80,1919,1920,1923,1926,1928,1931,1934,1937,1939,1941],{"class":82,"line":1049},[80,1921,1922],{"class":94},"        int",[80,1924,1925],{"class":90}," change ",[80,1927,101],{"class":94},[80,1929,1930],{"class":90}," temperatures[i] ",[80,1932,1933],{"class":94},"-",[80,1935,1936],{"class":90}," temperatures[i ",[80,1938,1933],{"class":94},[80,1940,1898],{"class":107},[80,1942,1943],{"class":90},"];\n",[80,1945,1946,1948,1950,1952,1955,1957,1959,1961,1964,1966,1969,1971,1973],{"class":82,"line":1054},[80,1947,765],{"class":86},[80,1949,199],{"class":90},[80,1951,202],{"class":94},[80,1953,1954],{"class":210}," \"  day \"",[80,1956,1426],{"class":94},[80,1958,158],{"class":90},[80,1960,202],{"class":94},[80,1962,1963],{"class":210}," \" -> day \"",[80,1965,1426],{"class":94},[80,1967,1968],{"class":90}," (i ",[80,1970,1037],{"class":94},[80,1972,1898],{"class":107},[80,1974,1975],{"class":90},")\n",[80,1977,1978,1981,1983,1985,1987,1989,1991,1993,1995],{"class":82,"line":1068},[80,1979,1980],{"class":94},"                  \u003C\u003C",[80,1982,1434],{"class":210},[80,1984,1426],{"class":94},[80,1986,1925],{"class":90},[80,1988,202],{"class":94},[80,1990,793],{"class":210},[80,1992,796],{"class":107},[80,1994,799],{"class":210},[80,1996,214],{"class":90},[80,1998,1999],{"class":82,"line":1081},[80,2000,782],{"class":90},[80,2002,2003],{"class":82,"line":1086},[80,2004,389],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":388},[80,2006,2007,2009,2011],{"class":82,"line":1103},[80,2008,810],{"class":94},[80,2010,163],{"class":107},[80,2012,214],{"class":90},[80,2014,2015],{"class":82,"line":1108},[80,2016,220],{"class":90},[14,2018,2019,69],{},[520,2020,824],{},[71,2022,2025],{"className":2023,"code":2024,"language":830},[828],"all temperatures: 22 23 21 25 24\nchanges between adjacent days:\n  day 1 -> day 2: 1\n  day 2 -> day 3: -2\n  day 3 -> day 4: 4\n  day 4 -> day 5: -1\n",[18,2026,2024],{"__ignoreMap":76},[10,2028,824],{"id":824},[14,2030,2031],{},"見上方每個示例的\"運行結果\"。",[10,2033,2034],{"id":2034},"示例中的關鍵語法解釋",[471,2036,2037,2056],{},[474,2038,2039],{},[477,2040,2041,2044,2047,2050,2053],{},[480,2042,2043],{"align":482},"示例",[480,2045,2046],{"align":482},"講了什麼",[480,2048,2049],{"align":482},"新出現的語法",[480,2051,2052],{"align":482},"為什麼這樣寫",[480,2054,2055],{"align":482},"注意事項",[491,2057,2058,2077,2103,2127,2146],{},[477,2059,2060,2063,2066,2071,2074],{},[496,2061,2062],{"align":482},"示例 1",[496,2064,2065],{"align":482},"最基礎的範圍 for",[496,2067,2068],{"align":482},[18,2069,2070],{},"for (int n : v)",[496,2072,2073],{"align":482},"直接讀懂意圖：\"對 v 中每個元素 n\"",[496,2075,2076],{"align":482},"這種寫法會拷貝每個 int，但 int 很小無所謂",[477,2078,2079,2082,2085,2092,2100],{},[496,2080,2081],{"align":482},"示例 2",[496,2083,2084],{"align":482},"const auto& vs auto&",[496,2086,2087,344,2090],{"align":482},[18,2088,2089],{},"const auto&",[18,2091,448],{},[496,2093,2094,2096,2097,2099],{"align":482},[18,2095,2089],{}," 避免拷貝；",[18,2098,448],{}," 可修改元素",[496,2101,2102],{"align":482},"遍歷 string 等大對象時一定要用引用",[477,2104,2105,2108,2111,2118,2121],{},[496,2106,2107],{"align":482},"示例 3",[496,2109,2110],{"align":482},"遍歷初始值列表和 map",[496,2112,2113,2114,2117],{"align":482},"遍歷 ",[18,2115,2116],{},"{...}"," 和 map",[496,2119,2120],{"align":482},"初始值列表可以直接放在 for 裡",[496,2122,2123,2124],{"align":482},"map 遍歷出來的是 ",[18,2125,2126],{},"std::pair",[477,2128,2129,2132,2135,2140,2143],{},[496,2130,2131],{"align":482},"示例 4",[496,2133,2134],{"align":482},"結構化綁定解包 map",[496,2136,2137],{"align":482},[18,2138,2139],{},"for (const auto& [k, v] : m)",[496,2141,2142],{"align":482},"C++17 語法，key\u002Fvalue 分別起名更清晰",[496,2144,2145],{"align":482},"如果不用 C++17，可以用示例 3 的方式",[477,2147,2148,2151,2154,2160,2163],{},[496,2149,2150],{"align":482},"示例 5",[496,2152,2153],{"align":482},"需要下標時的寫法",[496,2155,2156,2159],{"align":482},[18,2157,2158],{},"std::size_t i","、傳統 for",[496,2161,2162],{"align":482},"相鄰元素比較離不開下標",[496,2164,2165],{"align":482},"不要為了使用新語法犧牲清晰度",[10,2167,2168],{"id":2168},"常見錯誤",[14,2170,2171],{},[520,2172,2173],{},"錯誤 1：在遍歷過程中增刪元素",[71,2175,2177],{"className":73,"code":2176,"language":75,"meta":76,"style":76},"for (auto x : v)\n{\n    v.push_back(x * 2);  \u002F\u002F ❌ 可能导致迭代器失效、无限循环！\n}\n",[18,2178,2179,2190,2194,2217],{"__ignoreMap":76},[80,2180,2181,2183,2185,2187],{"class":82,"line":83},[80,2182,20],{"class":94},[80,2184,147],{"class":90},[80,2186,237],{"class":94},[80,2188,2189],{"class":90}," x : v)\n",[80,2191,2192],{"class":82,"line":187},[80,2193,190],{"class":90},[80,2195,2196,2199,2202,2205,2208,2211,2214],{"class":82,"line":193},[80,2197,2198],{"class":90},"    v.",[80,2200,2201],{"class":86},"push_back",[80,2203,2204],{"class":90},"(x ",[80,2206,2207],{"class":94},"*",[80,2209,2210],{"class":107}," 2",[80,2212,2213],{"class":90},");",[80,2215,2216],{"class":377},"  \u002F\u002F ❌ 可能导致迭代器失效、无限循环！\n",[80,2218,2219],{"class":82,"line":217},[80,2220,220],{"class":90},[14,2222,2223],{},"正確做法：先收集到新容器，循環結束後統一操作，或者用傳統迭代器循環。",[14,2225,2226],{},[520,2227,2228],{},"錯誤 2：auto 不加引用，修改無效",[71,2230,2232],{"className":73,"code":2231,"language":75,"meta":76,"style":76},"for (auto s : names)\n{\n    s = \"X\";  \u002F\u002F 修改的是拷贝！\n}\n\u002F\u002F names 没有变化！\n",[18,2233,2234,2244,2248,2263,2267],{"__ignoreMap":76},[80,2235,2236,2238,2240,2242],{"class":82,"line":83},[80,2237,20],{"class":94},[80,2239,147],{"class":90},[80,2241,237],{"class":94},[80,2243,949],{"class":90},[80,2245,2246],{"class":82,"line":187},[80,2247,190],{"class":90},[80,2249,2250,2253,2255,2258,2260],{"class":82,"line":193},[80,2251,2252],{"class":90},"    s ",[80,2254,101],{"class":94},[80,2256,2257],{"class":210}," \"X\"",[80,2259,1043],{"class":90},[80,2261,2262],{"class":377},"  \u002F\u002F 修改的是拷贝！\n",[80,2264,2265],{"class":82,"line":217},[80,2266,220],{"class":90},[80,2268,2269],{"class":82,"line":385},[80,2270,2271],{"class":377},"\u002F\u002F names 没有变化！\n",[14,2273,2274,2275,2278],{},"正確做法：要修改容器元素，用 ",[18,2276,2277],{},"for (auto& s : names)","。",[14,2280,2281],{},[520,2282,2283],{},"錯誤 3：遍歷時用下標訪問另一個容器",[71,2285,2287],{"className":73,"code":2286,"language":75,"meta":76,"style":76},"for (int n : v1)\n{\n    v2[i++] = n;  \u002F\u002F i 从哪来？\n}\n",[18,2288,2289,2300,2304,2322],{"__ignoreMap":76},[80,2290,2291,2293,2295,2297],{"class":82,"line":83},[80,2292,20],{"class":94},[80,2294,147],{"class":90},[80,2296,310],{"class":94},[80,2298,2299],{"class":90}," n : v1)\n",[80,2301,2302],{"class":82,"line":187},[80,2303,190],{"class":90},[80,2305,2306,2309,2311,2314,2316,2319],{"class":82,"line":193},[80,2307,2308],{"class":90},"    v2[i",[80,2310,181],{"class":94},[80,2312,2313],{"class":90},"] ",[80,2315,101],{"class":94},[80,2317,2318],{"class":90}," 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